Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Original Article

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

Published Online:June 30, 2015https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000276

Abstract

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

References

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1978). The child behavior Profile: 1, Boyes aged 6–11. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 46, 478–488. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Belloch, A., Del Valle, G., Morillo, C., Carrió, C. & Cabedo, E. (2009). To seek advice or not to seek advice about the problem: The help-seeking dilemma for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 257–264. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Berg, C. J., Rapoport, J. L. & Flament, M. (1986). The Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 84–91. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Canals, J., Hernández-Martínez, C., Cosi, S. & Voltas, N. (2012). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Spanish school children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 746–752. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cheung, G. W. & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233–255. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Farrell, L. & Barrett, P. M. (2006). Obsessive-compulsive disorder across developmental trajectory: Cognitive processing of threat in children, adolescents and adults. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 95–114. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Foa, E. B., Coles, M. E., Huppert, J. D., Pasupuleti, R. V., Franklin, M. E. & March, J. S. (2010). Development and validation of a child version of the obsessive compulsive inventory. Behavior Therapy, 41, 121–132. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R. & Hajcak, G. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485–495. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fullana, M. A., Mataix-Cols, D., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Grisham, J. R., Moffitt, T. E. & Poulton, R. (2009). Obsessions and compulsions in the community: Prevalence, interference, help-seeking, developmental stability, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 329–336. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fullana, M. A., Vilagut, G., Rojas-Farreras, S., Mataix-Cols, D., De Graaf, R., & Demyttenaere, K., … ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators. (2010). Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in the general population: Results from an epidemiological study in six European countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 124, 291–299. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Geller, D. A., Doyle, R., Shaw, D., Mullin, B., Coffey, B. J., Petty, C., … Biederman, J. (2006). A quick and reliable screening measure for OCD in youth: Reliability and validity of the obsessive compulsive scale of the Child Behavior Checklist. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47, 234–240. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Godoy, A., Gavino, A., Carrillo, F., Cobos, M. P. & Quintero, C. (2011). Factor structure of the Spanish version of the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Psicothema, 23, 289–294. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P. F. & Spielberger, C. D. (2005). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. London, UK: Erlbaum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Jones, A. M., De Nadai, A. S., Arnold, E. B., McGuire, J. F., Lewin, A. B., Murphy, T. K. & Storch, E. A. (2013). Psychometric Properties of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory: Child Version in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44, 137–151. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lewin, A. B., Caporino, N., Murphy, T. K., Geffken, G. R. & Storch, E. A. (2010). Understudied clinical dimensions in pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 675–691. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marcks, B. A., Weisberg, R. B., Dyck, I. R. & Keller, M. B. (2011). Longitudinal course of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with anxiety disorders: A 15-year prospective follow-up study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52, 670–677. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Martínez, A. E., Piqueras, J. A. & Marzo, J. C. (2011). Validation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R) for Spanish adolescent population. Anales de Psicología, 27, 763–773. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Mataix-Cols, D., Rosario-Campos, M. C. & Leckman, J. F. (2005). A multidimensional model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 162, 228–238. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Nelson, E. C., Hanna, G. L., Hudziak, J. J., Botteron, K. N., Heath, A. C. & Todd, R. D. (2001). Obsessive-compulsive scale of the child behavior checklist: Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive power. Pediatrics, 108, E14. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Orgilés, M., Méndez, X., Espada, J. P., Carballo, J. L. & Piqueras, J. A. (2012). Anxiety disorder symptoms in children and adolescents: Differences by age and gender in a community sample. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 5, 115–120. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Overduin, M. K. & Furnham, A. (2012). Assessing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A review of self-report measures. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1, 312–324. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Piqueras, J. A., Martínez, A. E., Hidalgo, M. D., Fullana, M. A., Mataix, D. & Rosa, A. I. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised in a non-clinical sample of late adolescents. Psicología Conductual, 17, 561–572. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Scahill, L., Riddle, M. A., McSwiggin-Hardin, M., Ort, S. I., King, R. A., Goodman, W. K., … Leckman, J. F. (1997). Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 844–852. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schweizer, K. (2011). On the changing role of Cronbach’s α in the evaluation of the quality of a measure. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 27, 143–144. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Shafran, R., Frampton, I., Heyman, I., Reynolds, M., Teachman, B. & Rachman, S. (2003). The preliminary development of a new self-report measure for OCD in young people. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 137–142. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika, 74, 107–120. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Storch, E. A., Khanna, M., Merlo, L. J., Loew, B. A., Franklin, M., Reid, J. M., … Murphy, T. K. (2009). Children’s Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory: Psychometric properties and feasibility of a self-report measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 40, 467–483. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Storch, E. A., Larson, M. J., Muroff, J., Caporino, N. E., Geller, D., Reid, J. M., … Murphy, T. K. (2010). Predictors of functional impairment in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 275–283. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Storch, E. A., Muroff, J., Lewin, A. B., Geller, D., Ross, A., McCarthy, K., … Steketee, G. (2011). Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Children’s Saving Inventory. Child psychiatry and human development, 42, 166–182. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Storch, E. A., Murphy, T. K., Geffken, G. R., Soto, O., Sajid, M., Allen, P., … Goodman, W. K. (2004). Psychometric evaluation of the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Psychiatry Research, 129, 91–98. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar