Hat das kognitive Modell von Clark und Wells zur sozialen Phobie Erklärungskraft für das Kindesalter?
Ein Literaturüberblick
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Das kognitive Modell von Clark und Wells (1995) zur sozialen Phobie hat in der empirischen Forschung der letzten Jahre viel Beachtung gefunden. Bisher bleibt jedoch unklar, ob das für das Erwachsenenalter konzipierte und evaluierte Modell auch Erklärungskraft für das Kindesalter hat. In unserem Literaturüberblick fanden wir Hinweise darauf, dass einige Aspekte des Modells schon im Kindesalter eine Rolle für die Aufrechterhaltung der Störung spielen, wie dysfunktionale antizipatorische Bewertungen, Aufmerksamkeits-, Interpretations- und Grübelprozesse. Empirische Studien zu anderen Komponenten des Modells liefern dagegen widersprüchliche Ergebnisse, oder können aufgrund nicht ausreichender Studienzahl nicht abschließend beurteilt werden. Insgesamt ergeben sich Hinweise darauf, dass das Modell zumindest zum Teil Erklärungskraft für die soziale Phobie des Kindes- und Jugendalters besitzt.
Abstract. The cognitive model of social phobia by Clark and Wells (1995) has proven successful in describing many aspects of adult social phobia. However, to date little is known about the applicability of the model to children. In this literature review, we have found that some of its components describe aspects of the maintenance of social fears in children, such as dysfunctional anticipatory processing, interpretation and attentional biases, and post-event rumination. For other components of the model, empirical findings are either conflicting, or the number of studies is too limited to draw valid conclusions. In general, there is evidence that the model may at least be partially valid for social phobia observed in children and adolescents.
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