Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Im Allgemeinen führen wir motorische Aktivitäten aus, ohne darüber nachzudenken, durch welche mentalen Zustände wir unseren Körper willentlich in Bewegung versetzen. Was sind dies für Zustände? Sowohl klassische als auch moderne Formulierungen der ideo-motorischen Hypothese nehmen an, dass es sich um Vorstellungen der sensorischen Effekte der auszuführenden Bewegungen handelt. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zu dieser Annahme. Neben Belegen dafür, dass die Wahrnehmung von Effekten zur Aktivierung der sie verursachenden Bewegungen führt (Induktion), wird schwerpunktmäßig Evidenz dafür vorgestellt, dass Willkürbewegungen tatsächlich eine endogene Aktivierung von Effektrepräsentationen (Antizipation) vorausgeht. Diese Arbeiten erlauben es, eine Reihe von Eigenschaften antizipativer Effektrepräsentationen in der Bewegungssteuerung zu isolieren. Die Gesamtheit der Befunde untermauert die Annahme, dass Repräsentationen sensorischer Effekte unumgängliche Antezedenzien willkürlicher Bewegungen sind. Ein Verständnis willkürlichen Verhaltens wird daher ohne die Untersuchung derartiger Effektrepräsentationen nicht möglich sein.
Abstract. In general we move without thinking about the mental states that we use to move our body. What is the nature of these states? Classical as well as more recent formulation of the ideo-motor principle assume, that these states consist of images of the sensory consequences of the to-be-performed movements. The present paper gives an overview over the state of research on this assumption. Apart from evidence showing that the perception of action effects primes the actions that normally produce these effect (induction), I shall focus on evidence showing that performing a voluntary movement is indeed preceded by an internal generation of the effect codes (anticipation). These studies allow inferences on the nature of anticipatory effect codes in action control. Altogether, the evidence shows that sensory effect codes are an inevitable antecedent of voluntary movements. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of voluntary action will not be possible without taking such anticipatory effect codes into account.
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