Abstract
Abstract. We test the hypothesis that explicit and implicit measures of attitudes would differentially predict deliberate versus spontaneous behavior in the domain of condom use. Students completed explicit attitudinal and thought-listing measures about using condoms and implicit measures using attitude priming and Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures. An attitude IAT measured the association between condom images and affective images; a self-identity IAT measured association of condoms with the self. We predicted and found that condom use with main partners was predicted by explicit measures but not implicit measures; the opposite was true for condom use with casual partners. Although the attitude priming measure was not positively correlated with casual condom use, the IATs were. The patterns of relations, however, were unexpectedly complex, due to a strong decrease in IAT effects over time, and different IATs assessing unique attitudinal dimensions.
Zusammenfassung. Die Annahme, daß explizite und implizite Messungen von Einstellungen in unterschiedlichem Maße deliberatives und spontanes Verhalten vorhersagen, wurde im Bereich der Kondombenutzung überprüft. Dazu wurden die Einstellungen von Studenten zu Kondomen mit verschiedenen expliziten und impliziten Maßen erfasst: Einstellungsskala, Gedankenliste, Einstellungs-Priming und zwei IAT-Prozeduren. Ein Einstellungs-IAT hat die Assoziationen zwischen Bildern von Kondomen und affektiven Bildern gemessen; ein Selbst-Identitäts-IAT hat die Assoziationen zwischen dem Selbst und Kondomen gemessen. Vorhergesagt und gefunden wurde, daß die selbstberichtete Kondombenutzung beim Sexualverkehr mit festen Partnern durch explizite Maße vohergesagt wird, aber nicht durch implizite. Das Gegenteil gilt für die Kondombenutzung beim Sexualverkehr mit gelegentlichen Partnern. Hier korrelierten die impliziten Maße - mit Ausnahme des Einstellungs-Primings - positiv mit der Kondombenutzung. Insgesamt war das Ergebnismuster jedoch unerwartet komplex. Das lag zum einen an einer Abnahme von IAT-Effekten über die Zeit und zum anderen an der Erfassung von jeweils besonderen Einstellungsdimensionen durch die beiden IATs.
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