Psychopathy-, Temperaments- und Charakterdimensionen bei inhaftierten Mädchen
Abstract
Fragestellung: Die Studie widmet sich der Frage, inwiefern sich Temperaments- und Charakterunterschiede zwischen antisozialen Mädchen mit und ohne Psychopathy finden lassen und ob sich anhand derer eine Differenzierung von Gruppen mit verschiedenen Psychopathy-Symptomen vornehmen lässt. Methodik: Es wurden 170 inhaftierte Mädchen (Alter 14–19) mit dem Junior Temperament and Character Inventory und der Psychopathy-Checkliste Youth Version untersucht. Anhand ihrer PCL:YV-Werte wurden die Mädchen in drei Gruppen mit hoch ausgeprägten Psychopathy-Dimensionen eingeteilt und mit der Gruppe ohne Psychopathy verglichen. Ergebnisse: Bei 3/4 der untersuchten jugendlichen Straftäterinnen lag keine Psychopathy vor, der Anteil derjenigen mit Psychopathy-Kerndimensionen betrug nur 7 %. Mit Hilfe des Persönlichkeitsmodells von Cloninger konnten Unterschiede in den Dimensionen Neugierverhalten, Belohnungsabhängigkeit, Kooperativität und Selbsttranszendenz zwischen den Psychopathy-Gruppen und der Gruppe ohne Psychopathy nachgewiesen werden. Allerdings gelang es nicht, spezifische Zusammenhänge zwischen den einzelnen Psychopathy-Dimensionen und den JTCI-Faktoren zu eruieren. Schlussfolgerungen: Anhand der Ergebnisse gelingt es, das Psychopathy-Konstrukt für Straftäterinnen zu bestätigen, wenngleich der Anteil derjenigen mit Psychopathy-Kerndimensionen sehr gering ist. Die in der Untersuchung gefundenen differenziellen Temperamentsfaktoren bei Mädchen mit hoch ausgeprägten Psychopathy-Dimensionen im Vergleich zu Mädchen ohne Psychopathy stärken die Annahme, dass es sich um ein valides Konzept handelt, das eine spezifische Untergruppe mit Psychopathy-Kernsymptomen von anderen antisozialen Mädchen unterscheidet.
Objective: This study addresses the question whether temperament and character differ between antisocial incarcerated girls with and without psychopathy. Furthermore, it inquires whether this model discriminates between groups with varied psychopathy symptoms. Method: 170 incarcerated girls aged 14 to 17 years were examined using the German version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI 12–18) and the Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version (PCL:YV). On the basis of the PCL:YV scores the girls were divided into three high-scoring psychopathy groups and compared to a group without psychopathy. Results: Three-quarters of the juvenile criminals did not show psychopathy; the percentage of those scoring high on the psychopathy core dimensions was only 7 %. With the aid of Cloninger’s model of personality, differences in the psychopathy groups as compared to the nonpsychopathy group were identified regarding the dimensions novelty seeking, reward dependence, cooperativeness and self-transcendence. However, specific relationships between individual psychopathy dimensions and the JTCI-factors could not be identified. Conclusions: The results confirm the existence of the psychopathy construct in female delinquents, though the percentage of girls with core psychopathy dimensions is very small. The differentiating temperament factors found among girls scoring high on psychopathy dimensions as opposed to girls without psychopathy indicate that psychopathy is a valid construct that can identify a specific subgroup of antisocial girls with core psychopathy symptoms.
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