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Risikofaktoren für problematischen Substanzkonsum von Jugendlichen – Zur Anwendbarkeit des Communities That Care Schülersurveys auf kommunaler Ebene

Published Online:August 20, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000379

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Zielsetzung: „Communities That Care“ (CTC) ist ein strategischer Ansatz, der die kommunale Präventionssteuerung unterstützt. Auf Basis eines Schülersurveys werden anhand der Prävalenz von Risikofaktoren Präventionsbedarfe priorisiert. Für die Bestimmung eines validen Schwellenwertes für die Risikofaktoren wurde der Median + 0.15*median absolute deviation (MAD) vorgeschlagen (Arthur et al., 2007). Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Übertragbarkeit dieser Berechnungsart für Risikofaktoren für problematischen ‚Substanzkonsum‘ hinsichtlich Sensitivität, Spezifität und Kriteriumsvalidität an einer deutschen CTC-Stichprobe überprüft. Zudem wird die Anwendung der Schwellenwerte an einem Praxisbeispiel illustriert. Methodik: Basierend auf einer repräsentativen niedersächsischen CTC-Stichprobe, wurden die Daten von N = 1.423 Schülerinnen und Schülern (52,9 % weiblich) aus den Klassenstufen sechs bis elf im Alter von 12 – 18 Jahren (M = 14,29; SD = 1,74) in die Analysen miteingeschlossen. Ergebnisse: Der verwendete Schwellenwert führte nur teilweise zu einer annehmbaren Balance zwischen Sensitivität und Spezifität. Die Kriteriumsvalidität ist insbesondere für die individuellen Risikofaktoren hoch. Schlussfolgerungen: Der CTC-Schülersurvey ist ein vielversprechendes Instrument für die gezielte Planung und Steuerung von Präventionsmaßnahmen auf kommunaler Ebene. Für die Bestimmung valider Schwellenwerte für Deutschland sind weitere Untersuchungen nötig.


Risk Factors for problematic Substance use – Is the Communities that care Youth Survey applicable in German Communities?

Abstract.Aims: „Communities That Care“ (CTC) is a strategic approach supporting prevention planning on community level. Prevention needs are identified by the prevalence of risk factors assessed in a youth survey. Arthur et al. (2007) proposed the median + 0.15*median absolute deviation (MAD) as a method to establish valid cut-points. In this article we discuss the transferability concerning the risk factors for problematic substance use in a German sample, which is analyzed regarding sensitivity, specificity and criterion validity. Furthermore we describe the application of the cut-point method in a practical example. Method: Based on a representative sample from Lower Saxony we analyzed the data of N = 1423 youth (52.9 % female) from grade 6 – 11 in the age-groups 12 – 18 (M = 14.29, SD = 1.74). Results: The used cut-point balanced the sensitivity and specificity only in part. Criterion validity was high particularly for the individual risk factors. Conclusion: The CTC Youth Survey is a promising tool for focused prevention planning on community level. For establishing valid cut-points in Germany further work is needed.

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