Skip to main content
Log in

Economic Stress, Psychological Well-Being and Problem Behavior in Chinese Adolescents with Economic Disadvantage

  • Published:
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The association between perceived economic stress (current economic hardship and future economic worry) and adolescent adjustment was examined in 229 Chinese adolescents using children and parental reports of perceived economic stress. Parents displayed higher levels of current economic hardship and future economic worry than their children did and mothers had more worry about their children's economic conditions in future than the fathers had. Higher levels of economic stress based on ratings obtained from different sources were generally related to lower levels of existential well-being, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and mastery as well as higher levels of general psychiatric morbidity and substance abuse in adolescents. Relative to current economic stress perceived by adolescents, future economic worry perceived by adolescents was more strongly related to the psychological well-being of Chinese adolescents with economic disadvantage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Aldwin, C. M., and Revenson, T. A. (1986). Vulnerability to economic stress. Am J Community Psychol. 14: 161–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrera, M., Caples, H., and Tein, J. Y. (2001). The psychological sense of economic hardship: Measurement models, validity, and cross-ethnic equivalence for urban families. Am J Community Psychol. 29: 493–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, D. W. (1985). The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire: Does language make a difference? Psychol. Med. 15: 147–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coley, R. L., and Chase-Lansdale, L. (2000). Welfare receipt, financial strain, and African-American adolescent functioning. Soc. Serv. Rev. 74: 380–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conger, R. D., Ge, X. J., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., and Simons, R. L. (1994). Economic stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Dev. 65: 541–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conger, K. J., Rueter, M. A., and Conger, R. D. (2000). The role of economic pressure in the lives of parents and their adolescents: The family stress model. In Crockett, L. J., and Silbereisen, R. K. (eds.), Negotiating Adolescence in Times of Social Change. Cambridge University Press, New York, (pp. 201–233).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, T. (1993). Child poverty and welfare reform: Progress or paralysis? Focus 15: 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychol. Bull. 95: 542–575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., and Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. J. Pers. Assess. 49: 71–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, S., Schaefer, C., and Lazarus, R. S. (1979). Cognitive processes as mediators of stress and coping. In Hamilton, V., and Warburton, J. (eds.), Human Stress and Cognition. Wiley, New York, pp. 265–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge, X. J., Conger, R. D., Lorenz, F. O., Elder, G. H., Montague, R. B., and Simons, R. L. (1992). Linking family economic hardship to adolescent distress. J. Res. Adolesc. 2: 351–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilton, J. M., and Desrochers, S. (2000). The influence of economic strain, coping with roles, and parental control on the parenting of custodial single mothers and custodial single fathers. J. Divorce Remarr. 33: 55–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinnunen, U., and Pulkkinen, L. (1998). Linking economic stress to marital quality among Finnish marital couples. J. Fam. Issues. 19: 705–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larzelere, R. E., and Mulaik, S. A. (1977). Single-sample tests for many correlations. Psychol. Bull. 84: 557–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavee, Y., Sharlin, S., and Katz, R. (1996). The effect of parenting stress on marital quality: An integrated mother-father model. J. Fam. Issues. 17: 114–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lempers, J. D., Clark-Lempers, D., and Simons, R. L. (1989). Economic hardship, parenting and distress in adolescence. Child Dev. 60: 25–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luthar, S. S. (1997). Sociodemographic disadvantage and psychological adjustment: Perspectives from developmental psychopathology. In Luthar, S. S., Burack, J. A., Cicchetti, D., and Weisz, J. R. (eds.), Developmental Psychopathology. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 459–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLoyd, V. C. (1998). Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. Am. Psychol. 53: 185–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLoyd, V. C., Jayaratne, T. E., Ceballo, R., and Borquez, J. (1994). Unemployment and work interruption among African American single mothers: Effects on parenting and adolescent socioemotional functioning. Child Dev. 65: 562–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • MyLoyd, V. C., and Wilson, L. (1991). The strain of living poor: Parenting, social support and child mental health. In Huston, A. C. (ed.), Children in Poverty. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, pp. 105–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohannessian, C. M., Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., and von Eye, A. (1995). Discrepancies in adolescents' and parents' perceptions of family functioning and adolescent emotional adjustment. J. Early Adolesc. 15: 490–516.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orthner, D. K. (1996). Families in poverty: Key issues for research. J. Fam. Issues. 17: 588–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paloutzian, R. F., and Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being and the quality of life. In Peplau, L. A., and Perlman, D. (eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy. Wiley, New York, pp. 224–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlin, L. I., and Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. J. Health Soc. Behav. 22: 337–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the Self. Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (1989). Validity of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire. J. Clin. Psychol. 45: 890–897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (1992). “Actual-ideal” discrepancies in the representation of self and significant-others and psychological well-being in Chinese adolescents. Int. J. Psychol. 27: 229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (1993). The factor structure of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30): A confirmatory factor analysis. J. Clin. Psychol. 49: 678–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (1998). A longitudinal study of the relations of family functioning to adolescent psychological well-being. J. Youth Stud. 1: 195–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (1999). Parental and adolescent perceptions of family functioning: A longitudinal study in a Chinese context. Am. J. Fam. Ther. 27: 303–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (2000). Chinese adolescents' perceptions of parental differences in parenting characteristics, parent-adolescent communication and parent-adolescent relationship. Adolescence 35: 135–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (2001). Perceptions of happy families amongst Chinese adolescents and their parents: Implications for family therapy. Fam. Ther. 28: 73–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L. (2002). The relation of parental qualities to psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behavior in Chinese adolescents with economic disadvantage. Am. J. Fam. Ther. 30: 215–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L., and Ma, H. K. (1997). Perceptions of parental treatment styles and adolescent antisocial and prosocial behavior in a Chinese context. Psychologia 40: 233–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T. L., Tsoi, K. W., Lau, P., Tsang, K. M., Lam, M. C., and Lam, C. M. (2001). Psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behavior in Chinese adolescents: Do parental qualities matter? Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health 13: 231–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, S. B., Smith, C. A., and Jang, S. J. (1999). Urban families and adolescent mental health. Soc. Work Res. 23: 15–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using Multivariate Statistics. HarperCollins, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi, D. T., and Williams, D. R. (1991). Economic stress in the family and children's emotional and behavioral problems. J. Marr. Fam. 53: 1031–1041.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitbeck, L. B., Simons, R. L., Conger, R. D., Wickrama, K. A. S., Ackley, K. A., and Elder, G. H. (1997). The effects of parents' working conditions and family economic hardship on parenting behaviors and children's self-efficacy. Soc. Psychol. Q. 60: 291–303.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shek, D.T.L. Economic Stress, Psychological Well-Being and Problem Behavior in Chinese Adolescents with Economic Disadvantage. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 32, 259–266 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023080826557

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023080826557

Navigation