Skip to main content
Log in

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Scores as a Function of Age and Initial IQ in 210 Autistic Children

  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Human growth modeling statistics were utilized to examine how Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) scores changed in individuals with autistic disorder as a function of both age and initial IQ. Results revealed that subjects improved with age in all domains. The rate of growth in Communication and Daily Living Skills was related to initial IQ while rate of growth in Social Skills was not. Results should provide hope for parents and further support for the importance of functional social-communication skills in the treatment of autism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Alexander, D. A., Cowdry, R. W., Hall, Z. W., & Snow, J. B. (1996). The state of science in autism: a view from the National Institutes of Health. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 117–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.), Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.), Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1987) Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change. Psychological Bulletin, 101: 147–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMyer, M. K., Baron, S., DeMyer, W., Norton, J. A., Allen, J., & Steele, R. (1973). Prognosis in autism: A follow-up study. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 3, 199–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, B. J., Rahbar, B., Ritvo, E. R., Bice, T. L., Yokota, A., & Ritvo, R. (1991). The stability of cognitive and behavioral parameters in autism: A twelve-year prospective study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 479–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, B. J., Ritvo, E. R., Needleman, R., & Yokota, A. (1985). Stability of cognitive and linguistic parameters in autism: A five-year prospective study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 459–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, B. J., Ritvo, E. R., Yokota, A., Childs, J., & Pollard, J. (1988). WISC-R and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Scores in autistic children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 428–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harville, D. A. (1977) Maximum likelihood approaches to variance component estimation and to related problems. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 72, 320–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact, Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird, N. M., & J. Ware, H. (1982) Random effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38, 963–974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littell, R. C., Millikan, G. A., Stroup, W. W., & Wolfinger, R. D. (1996) SAS system for mixed models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordin, V., & Gillberg, C. (1998). The long-term course of autistic disorders: Update on follow-up studies. Acta Psychiatrica Sandinavica. 97(2), 99–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pivan, J., Harper, J., Palmer, P., & Arndt, S. (1996). Course of behavioral change in autism: A retrospective study of high IQ adolescents and adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 523–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS Institute (1995). Introduction to the MIXED procedure, Cary, NC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shatz, J., & Hamdan-Allen, G. (1995). Effects of age and IQ on adaptive behavior domains for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25, 51–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Survey Form) Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venter, A., Lord, C., & Schopler, E. (1992). A follow up study of high functioning autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 489–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmar, F. R., Carter, A., Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Cohen, D. J. (1993). Quantifying social development in autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 627–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Goudreau, D., Cicchetti, D. V., & Cohen, D. J. (1987). Social deficits in autism: An operational approach using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 151–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Rev.), New York: Psychological Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1981). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children (Rev.). New York: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1989). Manual for the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Rev. Ed.) New York: Psychological Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1991). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd ed.). New York: Psychological Corp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Freeman, B.J., Del'Homme, M., Guthrie, D. et al. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Scores as a Function of Age and Initial IQ in 210 Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 29, 379–384 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023078827457

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023078827457

Navigation