Skip to main content
Log in

The Importance of Spirituality in Well-Being for Jews and Christians

  • Published:
Journal of Happiness Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There is a well-known association between religion and happiness, although it is not known which particular aspects of religiosity correlate with life satisfaction, or if the correlates are different for people of different religions. In three studies, the correlations of different facets of religiosity with happiness or life satisfaction were explored. In different samples and with different measures, congregational support and public practice of religion appear to correlate similarly with measures of life satisfaction for members of different religions. However, spirituality, religious coping, and religious belief were better predictors of happiness and quality of life for Protestants and Catholics than for Jews. It is therefore contended that religion should be an important consideration, along with religiosity, in study of satisfaction with life, and that the link between spirituality and life satisfaction be followed up, particularly among Christians.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Abramowitz, J., J. Huppert, A.B. Cohen, S.P. Cahill and D.F. Tolin: 2002, ‘Religious obsessions and compulsions in a non-clinical sample: The Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity’, Behaviour Research and Therapy 40, pp. 825–838.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, F.M. and J.P. Robinson: 1991, ‘Measures of subjective well-being’, in J.P. Robinson, P.R. Shaver and L.S. Wrightsman (eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, vol. 1 (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 61–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appel, G.: 1975, A Philosophy of Mitzvot: The Religious–Ethical Concepts of Judaism, their Roots in Biblical Law and the Oral Tradition (Ktav, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyle, M.: 1999, ‘Causes and correlates of happiness’, in D. Kahneman, E. Diener and N. Schwarz (eds.), Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (Russell Sage Foundation, New York), pp. 353–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyle, M. and B. Beit-Hallahmi: 1997, The Psychology of Religious Behaviour, Belief and Experience (Routledge, London).

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P.L.: 1967, The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion (Anchor Books, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, M.H. (ed.): 2000, Psychological Experiments on the Internet (Academic Press, San Diego).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A.B. and P. Rozin: 2001, ‘Religion and the morality of mentality’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, pp. 697–710.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A.B., J.I. Siegel and P. Rozin: 2001, ‘Faith versus practice: Different bases for religiosity judgments by Jews and Protestants’, European Journal of Social Psychology (in press).

  • Dubow, E.F., K.I. Pargament, P. Boxer and N. Tarakeshwar: 2000, ‘Initial investigation of Jewish early adolescents’ ethnic identity, stress, and coping’, Journal of Early Adolescence 20, pp. 418–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, L.R.: 1999, ‘A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models’, in I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt and F. Ostendorf (eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, vol.7 (Tilburg University Press, Tilburg, The Netherlands), pp. 7–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guth, J.L., J.C. Green, C.E. Smidt, L.A. Kellstedt and M.M. Poloma: 1997, The Bully Pulpit: The Politics of Protestant Clergy (University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J.: in press, ‘Elevation and the positive psychology of morality’, in C.L.M. Keyes and J. Haidt (eds.), Flourishing: The Positive Person and the Good Life (American Psychological Association, Washington DC).

  • Haidt, J. and D. Keltner: in press, ‘Awe/responsiveness to beauty and excellence’, in C. Peterson and M.E.P. Seligman (eds.), The VIA Taxonomy of Strengths (Valves in Action Institute, Cincinnati, OH).

  • Hill, P.C., K.I. Pargament, R.W. Hood, M.E. McCullough, J.P. Swyers and D. Larson: 2000, ‘Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure’, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 30, pp. 51–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W.: 1997/1902, Varieties of Religious Experience (Simon & Schuster, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Janoff-Bullman, R.: 1992, Shattered Assumptions: Towards a New Psychology of Trauma (Free Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keltner, D. and J. Haidt: in press, ‘Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion’, Cognition and Emotion.

  • Koenig, H.G., M.E. McCullough and D.B. Larson: 2001, Handbook of Religion and Health (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J.S. and L.M. Chatters: 1998, ‘Research on religion and mental health: An overview of empirical findings and theoretical issues’, in H.G. Koenig (ed.), Handbook of Religion and Mental Health (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 33–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maimonides, M.: 12th century/1967, Mishneh Torah (Hebrew Publishing Company, New York).

  • Marty, M.: 1970, Religious Empire: The Protestant Experience in America (Dial Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, M.E., R.A. Emmons and J.-A. Tsang: 2002, ‘The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82, pp. 112–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, P.: 1996, ‘Community beyond tradition’, in P. Heelas, S. Lash and P. Morris (eds.), Detraditionalization: Critical Reflections on Authority and Identity (Blackwell, Cambridge), pp. 222–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musick, M.A., J.W. Traphagan, H.G. Koenig and D.B. Larson: 2000, ‘Spirituality in physical health and aging’, Journal of Adult Development 7(2), pp. 73–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, D.G. and E. Diener: 1995, ‘Who is happy?’ Psychological Science 6(1), pp. 10–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, D.: 1992, Pursuit of Happiness: Discovering the Pathway to Fulfillment, Well-being, and Enduring Personal Joy (Avon, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Neusner, J.: 1993, ‘Judaism’, in A. Sharma (ed.), Our Religions (HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco), pp. 293–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K.I.: 1997, The Psychology of Religion and Coping (Guilford Press, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K.I. and C.R. Brant: 1998, ‘Religion and coping’, in H.G. Koenig(ed.), Handbook of Religion and Mental Health (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 111–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pargament, K.I., R.E. Steele and F.B. Tyler: 1979, ‘Religious participation, religious motivation and individual psychosocial competence’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 18, pp. 412–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, C.L. and S. Folkman: 1997, ‘Meaning in the context of stress and coping’, Review of General Psychology 1, pp. 115–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavot, W. and E. Diener: 1993, ‘Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale’, Psychological Assessment 5, pp. 164–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prager, D. and J. Telushkin: 1981, Nine Questions People Ask about Judaism (Simon & Schuster, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schechter, S.: 1908/1958, Studies in Judaism: Essays on Persons, Concepts, and Movements of Thought in Jewish Tradition (Jewish Publication Society, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheier, M.F. and C.S Carver: 1985, ‘Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies’, Health Psychology 4(3), pp. 219–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Telushkin, J.: 1991, Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, its People, and its History (William Morrow and Company, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zedek, M.R.: 1998, ‘Religion and mental health from the Jewish perspective’, in H.G. Koenig (ed.), Handbook of Religion and Mental Health (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 255–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinnbauer, B.J., K.I. Pargament and A.B. Scott: 1999, ‘The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects’, Journal of Personality 67(6), pp. 889–919.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adam B. Cohen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cohen, A.B. The Importance of Spirituality in Well-Being for Jews and Christians. Journal of Happiness Studies 3, 287–310 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020656823365

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020656823365

Navigation