Skip to main content
Log in

Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry: Investigating Specificity in a Nonclinical Sample

  • Published:
Cognitive Therapy and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The goal of this study was to explore the specificity of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and worry in a nonclinical sample. Three hundred and forty-seven university students completed measures of worry, obsessions/compulsions, and panic sensations. They also completed measures of process variables known to be associated with worry (intolerance of uncertainty), obsessions/compulsions (responsibility), and panic sensations (anxiety sensitivity). The results show that intolerance of uncertainty was highly related to worry, moderately related to obsessions/compulsions, and weakly related to panic sensations. Further, the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and worry remained strong after shared variance with other study variables was removed. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding worry and preventing generalized anxiety disorder.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

  • Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkovec, T. D., & Newman, M. G. (1999). Worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In A. S. Bellack, M. Hersen, & P. Salkovskis (Eds.), Comprehensive clinical psychology: Vol. 4. Adults: Clinical formulation and treatment (pp. 439–459). Oxford: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: Some characteristics and processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 9–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: The Body Sensations Questionnaire and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090–1097.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey, G. C. L., Tallis, F., & Capuzzo, N. (1996). Beliefs about the consequences of worrying. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 499–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 593–606.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry? Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 791–802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, D. C. (1997). Statistical methods for psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyrios, M., Bhar, S., & Wade, D. (1996). The assessment of obsessive-compulsive phenomena: Psychometric and normative data on the Padua Inventory from an Australian non-clinical student sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 85–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladouceur, R., Blais, F., Freeston, M. H., & Dugas, M. J. (1998). Problem solving and problem orientation in generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12, 139–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Blais, F., Gagnon, F., Thibodeau, N., & Boisvert, J.-M. (1999). Specificity of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and processes. Behavior Therapy, 30, 191–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 933–941.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod, A. K., Williams, M. G., & Bekerian, D. A. (1991). Worry is reasonable: The role of explanations in pessimism about future personal events. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 478–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina, S. T., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and associated characteristics. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 265–283). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, S., Peterson, R. S., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety, frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhéaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Dugas, M. J., Letarte, H., & Ladouceur, R. (1995). Perfectionism, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 785–794.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salkovskis, P. M. (1992, June). Cognitive models of therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Paper presented at the World Congress of Cognitive Therapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

  • Sanavio, E. (1988). Obsessions and compulsions: The Padua Inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 169–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternburger, L. G., & Burns, G. L. (1990). Obsessions and compulsions: Psychometric properties of the Padua Inventory with an American college population. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 341–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tallis, F., Davey, G. C. L., & Capuzzo, N. (1994). The phenomenology of non-pathological worry: A preliminary investigation. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 61–89). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tallis, F., & Eysenck, M. H. (1994). Worry: Mechanisms and modulating influences. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22, 37–56.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dugas, M.J., Gosselin, P. & Ladouceur, R. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry: Investigating Specificity in a Nonclinical Sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research 25, 551–558 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688

Navigation