Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T19:00:01.960Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychometric Properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders for Socially Anxious and Healthy Spanish Adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2013

William W. Hale III ,
Quinten A. W. Raaijmakers ,
Luis Joaquín García-López ,
Lourdes Espinosa- Fernández ,
Jose Antonio Muela  and
Mª del Mar Díaz- Castela
William W. Hale III*
Affiliation:
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Quinten A. W. Raaijmakers
Affiliation:
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Luis Joaquín García-López
Affiliation:
University of Jaén, Spain
Lourdes Espinosa- Fernández
Affiliation:
University of Jaén, Spain
Jose Antonio Muela
Affiliation:
University of Jaén, Spain
Mª del Mar Díaz- Castela
Affiliation:
University of Jaén, Spain
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr. William W. Hale III. Utrecht University, Research Center Adolescent Development. P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht (The Netherlands). Phone: +31-302534650. Fax +31-302532352. E-mail: b.hale@uu.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Socially anxious and healthy Spanish adolescents were studied in order to test the psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test measurement invariance between these two populations, Cronbach’s alphas were calculated to determine the reliabilities of the scales, and partial eta-square tests calculated the effect size of the differences between socially anxious and healthy adolescents and between the adolescent boys and girls. The psychometric properties of the SCARED were good, as demonstrated by having acceptable reliabilities (ranging from .75 – .41) and a moderate multivariate effect size (ηp2 = .08) between the adolescent boys and girls. Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the SCARED could differentiate between socially anxious and healthy Spanish adolescents as demonstrated by measurement invariance (χ2 = 254.27, df = 1343, GFI = .884, AGFI = .872, RMR = .031) and the large effect size (ηp2 = .22) between the samples.

Keywords

adolescentanxietysocial anxiety disorderscreening instrument
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 16 , 2013 , E25
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación (PSI2009-12448) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

References

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., Text revision (DSM–IV–TR) . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 Google Scholar
Arbuckle, J. (2006). Amos 7.0 user’s guide. Springhouse, PA: Amos Development Corporation.Google Scholar
Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): A replication study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1230–1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 Google Scholar
Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & McKenzie-Neer, S. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018 Google Scholar
Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Kasen, S., Velez, C. N., Hartmark, C., Johnson, J., … Streuning, E. L. (1993). An epidemiological study of disorders in late childhood and adolescence: I. Age and gender specific prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, 34, 851–867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01094.x Google Scholar
Fremont, W. P. (2003). School refusal in children and adolescents. American Family Physician, 68, 1555–1560.Google Scholar
Garcia-Lopez, L. J. (2013). Tratando… trastorno de ansiedad social [Treating… social anxiety disorder] . Madrid, Spain: Piramide.Google Scholar
Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Ingles, C. J., & Garcia-Fernandez, J. M. (2008). Exploring the relevance of gender and age differences in the assessment of social fears in adolescence. Social Behavior and Personality, 36, 385–390. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.3.385 Google Scholar
Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Olivares, J., & Vera-Villarroel, P. E. (2003). Social anxiety disorder: Revision of assessment measures for Spanish-speaking population. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 35, 151–160.Google Scholar
Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Piqueras, J. A., Diaz-Castela, M. M., & Ingles, C. J. (2008). Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescents: Current trends, advances, and future directions. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 16, 501–533.Google Scholar
Garcia-Lopez, L. J., & Storch, E. A. (2008). Recent advances in anxiety disorders in childhood. Foreword. Behavioral Psychology-Psicologia Conductual, 16, 361–363.Google Scholar
Gren-Landell, M., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., Bohlin, G., Andersson, G., Svedin, C. G. (2009). Social phobia in Swedish adolescents: Prevalence and gender differences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0400-7 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hambleton, R. K. (1994). Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests: A progress report. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 10, 229–244.Google Scholar
Hambleton, R. K., & Kanjee, A. (1995). Increasing the validity of cross-cultural assessment: Use of improved methods for test adaptations. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 11, 147–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.11.3.147 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, W. W. III, Crocetti, E., Raaijmakers, Q., & Meeus, W. (2011). A meta-analysis of the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02285.x Google Scholar
Hale, W. W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., & Meeus, W. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 283–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200503000-00013 Google Scholar
Haro, J. M., Palacín, C., Vilagut, G., Martínez, M., Bernal, M., Luque, I., … Alonso, J. (2006). Prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors: Results from the ESEMeD-Spain study. Medicina Clinica, 126, 425–451.Google Scholar
Ingles, C. J., Piqueras, J. A., Garcia-Fernandez, J. M., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Delgado, B., & Ruiz-Esteban, C. (2010). Gender and age differences in the cognitive, psychophysiological, and behavioral responses of social anxiety in adolescence. Psicothema, 22, 376–381.Google Scholar
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications (2 nd ed.) . Chicago; IL: SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
King, N. J., & Bernstein, G. A. (2001). School refusal in children and adolescents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200102000-00014 Google Scholar
La Greca, A. M., & Lopez, N. (1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 83–94.Google Scholar
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2529310 Google Scholar
McArthur, T. (2005). Spanish. In McArthur, T. (Ed.), Concise Oxford companion to the English language. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Muris, P., Gadet, B., Moulaert, V., & Merckelbach, H. (1998). Correlations between two multidimensional anxiety scales for children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 269–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.269 Google Scholar
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Mayer, B., & Prins, E. (2000). How serious are common childhood fears? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 217–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00204-6 Google Scholar
Myers, K., & Winters, N. C. (2002). Ten-year review of rating scales. II: Scales for internalizing disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 634–659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200206000-00004 Google Scholar
Olivares, J., Garcia-Lopez, L. J., Hidalgo, M. D., LaGreca, A. M., Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D. C. (2002). A pilot study on normative data for two social anxiety measures: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2, 467–476.Google Scholar
Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children for DSM-IV. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Stanley, M. A. (1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//1040-3590.1.1.35 Google Scholar
Vanderberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4–70.Google Scholar
Vigil-Colet, A., Canals, J., Cosí, S., Lorenzo-Seva, U., Ferrando, P. J., Hernández-Martínez, C., … Doménech, E. (2009). The factorial structure of the 41-item version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a Spanish population of 8 to 12 years-old. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9, 313–327.Google Scholar