Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-7vt9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T08:57:25.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recovery Trajectories of Child and Family Outcomes Following Online Family Problem-Solving Therapy for Children and Adolescents after Traumatic Brain Injury

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2019

Shari L. Wade ,
Allison P. Fisher ,
Eloise E. Kaizar ,
Keith O. Yeates ,
H. Gerry Taylor  and
Nanhua Zhang
Shari L. Wade*
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
Allison P. Fisher
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
Eloise E. Kaizar
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Keith O. Yeates
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
H. Gerry Taylor
Affiliation:
Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205-2664, USA
Nanhua Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
*
*Correspondence to: Shari L Wade, Professor, Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. E-mail: shari.wade@cchmc.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objectives: We conducted joint analyses from five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of online family problem-solving therapy (OFPST) for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to identify child and parent outcomes most sensitive to OFPST and trajectories of recovery over time. Methods: We examined data from 359 children with complicated mild to severe TBI, aged 5–18, randomized to OFPST or a control condition. Using profile analyses, we examined group differences on parent-reported child (internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, executive function behaviors, social competence) and family outcomes (parental depression, psychological distress, family functioning, parent–child conflict). Results: We found a main effect for measure for both child and family outcomes [F(3, 731) = 7.35, p < .001; F(3, 532) = 4.79, p = .003, respectively], reflecting differing degrees of improvement across measures for both groups. Significant group-by-time interactions indicated that children and families in the OFPST group had fewer problems than controls at both 6 and 18 months post baseline [t(731) = −5.15, p < .001, and t(731) = −3.90, p = .002, respectively, for child outcomes; t(532) = −4.81, p < .001, and t(532) = −3.80, p < .001, respectively, for family outcomes]. Conclusions: The results suggest limited differences in the measures’ responsiveness to treatment while highlighting OFPST’s utility in improving both child behavior problems and parent/family functioning. Group differences were greatest at treatment completion and after extended time post treatment.

Keywords

PediatricBrain injuryBehaviorTreatmentRandomized controlled trialParentProfile analysis
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 25 , Issue 9 , October 2019 , pp. 941 - 949
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aaro Jonsson, C., Smedler, A.C., Leis Ljungmark, M., & Emanuelson, I. (2009). Long-term cognitive outcome after neurosurgically treated childhood traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 23(13–14), 1008–1016. doi:10.3109/02699050903379354[pii] 10.3109/02699050903379354CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achenbach, T.M. & Rescorla, L.A. (2001). Manual for ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.Google Scholar
Aitken, M.E., McCarthy, M.L., Slomine, B.S., Ding, R., Durbin, D.R., Jaffe, K.M., & Mackenzie, E.J. (2009). Family burden after traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatrics, 123(1), 199–206. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0607 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anaby, D., Law, M., Hanna, S., & Dematteo, C. (2012). Predictors of change in participation rates following acquired brain injury: Results of a longitudinal study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 54(4), 339–346. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04204.x CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchamp, M.H. & Anderson, V. (2013). Cognitive and psychopathological sequelae of pediatric traumatic brain injury. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 112, 913–920. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52910-7.00013-1 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catroppa, C., Crossley, L., Hearps, S.J., Yeates, K.O., Beauchamp, M., Rogers, K., & Anderson, V. (2015). Social and behavioral outcomes: pre-injury to six months following childhood traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 32(2), 109–115. doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3276 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catroppa, C., Hearps, S., Crossley, L., Yeates, K., Beauchamp, M., Fusella, J., & Anderson, V. (2017). Social and behavioral outcomes following childhood traumatic brain injury: What predicts outcome at 12 months post-insult? Journal of Neurotrauma, 34(7), 1439–1447. doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4594 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, L., Wade, S.L., Walz, N.C., Taylor, H.G., Stancin, T., & Yeates, K.O. (2010). Clinically significant behavior problems during the initial 18 months following early childhood traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55(1), 48–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dennis, M., Agostino, A., Taylor, H.G., Bigler, E.D., Rubin, K., Vannatta, K., & Yeates, K.O. (2013). Emotional expression and socially modulated emotive communication in children with traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(1), 34–43. doi:10.1017/s1355617712000884 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derogatis, L.R. & Savitz, K.L. (1999). The SCL-90-R, brief symptom inventory, and matching clinical rating scales. In Mark E. Maruish (Ed.), In The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment, (2nd ed., pp. 679–724). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Durber, C.M., Yeates, K.O., Taylor, H.G., Walz, N.C., Stancin, T., & Wade, S.L. (2017). The family environment predicts long-term academic achievement and classroom behavior following traumatic brain injury in early childhood. Neuropsychology, 31(5), 499–507. doi:10.1037/neu0000351 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Epstein, N.B., Baldwin, L.M., & Bishop, D.S. (1983). The Mcmaster family assessment device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9(2), 171–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnanger, T.G., Olsen, A., Skandsen, T., Lydersen, S., Vik, A., Evensen, K.A., & Indredavik, M.S. (2015). Life after adolescent and adult moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: Self-reported executive, emotional, and behavioural function 2-5 years after injury. Behavioural Neurology, 2015, 329241. doi:10.1155/2015/329241 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ganesalingam, K., Yeates, K.O., Ginn, M.S., Taylor, H.G., Dietrich, A., Nuss, K., & Wright, M. (2008). Family burden and parental distress following mild traumatic brain injury in children and its relationship to post-concussive symptoms. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(6), 621–629. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm133 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gioia, G., Isquith, P.K., Guy, S.C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). BRIEF: Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.Google Scholar
Gioia, G.A. & Isquith, P.K. (2004). Ecological assessment of executive function in traumatic brain injury. Developmental Neuropsychology, 25(1–2), 135–158. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2501&2_8]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, R.J. (2001). A primer of multivariate statistics. New York, NY: Psychology Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawley, C.A., Ward, A.B., Magnay, A.R., & Long, J. (2003). Parental stress and burden following traumatic brain injury amongst children and adolescents. Brain Injury, 17(1), 1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurowski, B.G., Wade, S.L., Kirkwood, M.W., Brown, T.M., Stancin, T., & Taylor, H.G. (2013). Online problem-solving therapy for executive dysfunction after child traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics, 132(1), e158–e166. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-4040 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Max, J.E., Koele, S.L., Smith, W.L. Jr., Sato, Y., Lindgren, S.D., Robin, D.A., & Arndt, S. (1998). Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents after severe traumatic brain injury: A controlled study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(8), 832–840. doi:10.1097/00004583-199808000-00013 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Max, J.E., Wilde, E.A., Bigler, E.D., MacLeod, M., Vasquez, A.C., Schmidt, A.T., & Levin, H.S. (2012). Psychiatric disorders after pediatric traumatic brain injury: A prospective, longitudinal, controlled study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 24(4), 427–436. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12060149 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merrell, K.W., Streeter, A.L., Boelter, E.W., Caldarella, P., & Gentry, A. (2001). Validity of the home and community social behavior scales: Comparisons with five behavior-rating scales. Psychology in the Schools, 38(4), 313–325. doi:10.1002/pits.1021 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, I.W., Bishop, D.S., Epstein, N.B., & Keitner, G.I. (1985). The Mcmaster family assessment device — Reliability and validity. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11(4), 345–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muscara, F., Catroppa, C., & Anderson, V. (2008). The impact of injury severity on executive function 7-10 years following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(5), 623–636. doi:10.1080/87565640802171162 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Narad, M.E., Kennelly, M., Zhang, N., Wade, S.L., Yeates, K.O., Taylor, H.G., & Kurowski, B.G. (2018). Secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents 5 to 10 years after traumatic brain injury. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(5), 437–443. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5746 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Narad, M.E., Minich, N., Taylor, H.G., Kirkwood, M.W., Brown, T.M., Stancin, T., & Wade, S.L. (2015). Effects of a web-based intervention on family functioning following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, 36(9), 700–707. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000208 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nezu, A.M. & D’Zurilla, T.J. (2006). Problem-solving therapy: A positive approach to clinical intervention. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Petranovich, C.L., Wade, S.L., Taylor, H.G., Cassedy, A., Stancin, T., Kirkwood, M.W., & Brown, T.M. (2015). Long-term caregiver mental health outcomes following a predominantly online intervention for adolescents with complicated to mild severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40(7), 680–688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prigatano, G.P. & Gupta, S. (2006). Friends after traumatic brain injury in children. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 21(6), 505–513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
R Core Team. (2017).R: A language and environment for statistical computer. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.Google Scholar
Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renstrom, B., Soderman, K., Domellof, E., & Emanuelson, I. (2012). Self-reported health and influence on life situation 5-8 years after paediatric traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj, 26(12), 1405–1414. doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.694559 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rivara, J.B., Fay, G.C., Jaffe, K.M., Polissar, N.L., Shurtleff, H.A., & Martin, K.M. (1992). Predictors of family functioning one year following traumatic brain injury in children. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73(10), 899–910.Google ScholarPubMed
Rivara, J.B., Jaffe, K.M., Polissar, N.L., Fay, G.C., Liao, S.Q., & Martin, K.M. (1996). Predictors of family functioning and change 3 years after traumatic brain injury in children. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77(8), 754–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robin, A.F. & Foster, S.L. (1989). Negotiating parent-adolescent conflict: A behavioral-family systems approach. New York, NY: Guiliford Press.Google Scholar
Schachar, R.J., Park, L.S., & Dennis, M. (2015). Mental health implications of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and youth. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(2), 100–108.Google Scholar
Sesma, H., Slomine, B., Ding, R., & McCarthy, M. (2008). Executive functioning in the first year after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics, 121(6), E1686–E1695. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shultz, E.L., Hoskinson, K.R., Keim, M.C., Dennis, M., Taylor, H.G., Bigler, E.D., & Yeates, K.O. (2016). Adaptive functioning following pediatric traumatic brain injury: Relationship to executive function and processing speed. Neuropsychology, 30(7), 830–840. doi:10.1037/neu0000288 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sluys, K.P., Lannge, M., Iselius, L., & Eriksson, L.E. (2015). Six years beyond pediatric trauma: Child and parental ratings of children’s health-related quality of life in relation to parental mental health. Quality of Life Research, 24(11), 2689–2699.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stancin, T., Drotar, D., Taylor, H.G., Yeates, K.O., Wade, S.L., & Minich, N.M. (2002). Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents after traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics, 109(2), p308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stancin, T., Wade, S.L., Walz, N.C., Yeates, K.O., & Taylor, H.G. (2008). Traumatic brain injuries in early childhood: Initial impact on the family. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 29(4), 253–261. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e31816b6b0f CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, H.G., Yeates, K.O., Wade, S.L., Drotar, D., Stancin, T., & Burant, C. (2001). Bidirectional child-family influences on outcomes of traumatic brain injury in children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7(6), 755–767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tlustos, S.J., Kirkwood, M.W., Taylor, H.G., Stancin, T., Brown, T.M., & Wade, S.L. (2016). A randomized problem-solving trial for adolescent brain injury: Changes in social competence. Rehabilitation Psychology, 61(4), 347–357. doi: 10.1037/rep0000098 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Treble-Barna, A., Zang, H., Zhang, N., Taylor, H.G., Yeates, K.O., & Wade, S. (2017). Long-term neuropsychological profiles and their role as mediators of adaptive functioning after traumatic brain injury in early childhood. Journal of Neurotrauma, 34(2), 353–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Carey, J., & Wolfe, C.R. (2006a). The efficacy of an online cognitive-behavioral, family intervention in improving child behavior and social competence following pediatric brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(3), 179–189. doi:10.1037/0090-5550.51.3.179 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, S.L., Carey, J., & Wolfe, C.R. (2006b). An online family intervention to reduce parental distress following pediatric brain injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 445–454. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.445 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Kaizar, E.E., Narad, M., Zang, H., Kurowski, B.G., Yeates, K.O., & Zhang, N. (2018a). Online family problem-solving treatment for pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics, 142(6), e20180422. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-0422 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Karver, C.L., Taylor, H.G., Cassedy, A., Stancin, T., Kirkwood, M.W., & Brown, T.M. (2014). Counselor-assisted problem solving improves caregiver efficacy following adolescent brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(1), 1–9. doi:10.1037/a0034911 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Kurowski, B.G., Kirkwood, M.W., Zhang, N., Cassedy, A., Brown, T.M., & Taylor, H.G. (2015). Online problem-solving therapy after traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 135(2), e487–e495. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1386 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Stancin, T., Kirkwood, M., Brown, T.M., McMullen, K.M., & Taylor, H.G. (2013). Counselor-assisted problem solving (CAPS) improves behavioral outcomes in older adolescents with complicated mild to severe TBI. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e31828f9fe8 Google Scholar
Wade, S.L., Taylor, H.G., Yeates, K.O., Kirkwood, M., Zang, H., McNally, K., &Zhang, N. (2018b). Online problem solving for adolescent brain injury: A randomized trial of 2 approaches. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(2), 154–162. doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000519 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Walz, N.C., Carey, J., McMullen, K.M., Cass, J., Mark, E., & Yeates, K.O. (2011). Effect on behavior problems of teen online problem-solving for adolescent traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics, 128(4), e947–e953. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3721 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Walz, N.C., Carey, J., Williams, K.M., Cass, J., Herren, L., & Yeates, K.O. (2010). A randomized trial of teen online problem solving for improving executive function deficits following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 25(6), 409–415. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181fb900d CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Taylor, H.G., Drotar, D., Stancin, T., Yeates, K.O., & Minich, N.M. (2002). A prospective study of long-term caregiver and family adaptation following brain injury in children. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 17(2), 96–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, S.L., Walz, N.C., Carey, J., & McMullen, K.M. (2012). A randomized trial of teen online problem solving: Efficacy in improving caregiver outcomes after brain injury. Health Psychology, 31(6), 767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeates, K.O., Armstrong, K., Janusz, J., Taylor, H.G., Wade, S., Stancin, T., & Drotar, D. (2005). Long-term attention problems in children with traumatic brain injury. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(6), 574–584. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000159947.50523.64 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeates, K.O., Gerhardt, C.A., Bigler, E.D., Abildskov, T., Dennis, M., Rubin, K.H., & Vannatta, K. (2013). Peer relationships of children with traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(5), 518–527. doi:10.1017/s1355617712001531 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeates, K.O., Taylor, H.G., Walz, N.C., Stancin, T., & Wade, S.L. (2010). The family environment as a moderator of psychosocial outcomes following traumatic brain injury in young children. Neuropsychology, 24(3), 345–356. doi:10.1037/a0018387 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed