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Cost Analysis of a School-Based Social and Emotional Learning and Literacy Intervention1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2015

Katherine Long ,
Joshua L. Brown ,
Stephanie M. Jones ,
J. Lawrence Aber  and
Brian T. Yates
Katherine Long*
Affiliation:
Fordham University, USA, e-mail: katherinerlong@gmail.com
Joshua L. Brown
Affiliation:
Fordham University, USA, e-mail: cjobrown@fordham.edu
Stephanie M. Jones
Affiliation:
Harvard Graduate School of Education, USA
J. Lawrence Aber
Affiliation:
New York University, USA
Brian T. Yates
Affiliation:
American University, USA
*
*e-mail: katherinerlong@gmail.com
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Abstract

Purpose: There is limited research on the costs of social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions [Crowley, Jones, Greenberg, Feinberg & Spoth (2012). Resource Consumption of a Diffusion Model for Prevention Programs: The PROSPER Delivery System. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50 (3), 256–263]. This paper describes a comprehensive methodology for determining the costs of a successful universal, school-based SEL intervention that was implemented in nine public schools over 3 years.

Methods: Resource costs were identified using the Cost–Procedure–Process–Outcome Analysis Model [Yates (1996). Analyzing Costs, Procedures, Processes, and Outcomes in Human Services. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.; Yates (1999). Measuring and Improving Cost, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Benefit for Substance Abuse Treatment Programs. No. NIH 99-4518, 135] and the ingredients model [Levin (Ed.) (1983). Cost-Effectiveness A Primer (Vol. 4). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; Levin & McEwan (2001). Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Methods and Applications. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications]. This involved careful identification of resource use, finding the cost per unit for each resource by intervention activity, and ultimately calculating the total resource cost (resource use $\times$ cost per unit).

Results: Our analysis estimated the overall cost of this 3-year SEL and literacy intervention to be $1,831,296 for nine schools. This averages to $67,825 yearly per school and $130 yearly for each student. The analysis estimated the first year of the intervention to be the costliest ($683,106) and then decreasing in Year 2 ($581,764) and Year 3 ($566,426).

Conclusion: This research emphasizes the need to study the costs of SEL interventions. By providing a detailed and standardized methodology, this cost analysis can provide added support for implementing an effective social and emotional learning intervention in a school setting. Furthermore, it provides groundwork for more advanced cost analyses, such as a cost–effectiveness analysis or a benefit-cost analysis (BCA).

Keywords

I (HealthEducationand Welfare)cost–effectiveness analysiscost evaluationschool-based interventionssocial and emotional learning
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , Fall 2015 , pp. 545 - 571
Copyright
© Society for Benefit-Cost Analysis 2015 

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