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Prenatal tobacco exposure and self-regulation in early childhood: Implications for developmental psychopathology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2015

Sandra A. Wiebe ,
Caron A. C. Clark ,
Desiree M. De Jong ,
Nicolas Chevalier ,
Kimberly Andrews Espy  and
Lauren Wakschlag
Sandra A. Wiebe*
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
Caron A. C. Clark
Affiliation:
University of Arizona
Desiree M. De Jong
Affiliation:
University of Massachusetts–Amherst
Nicolas Chevalier
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Kimberly Andrews Espy
Affiliation:
University of Arizona University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Lauren Wakschlag
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Sandra Wiebe, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; E-mail: sandra.wiebe@ualberta.ca.
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Abstract

Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) has a well-documented association with disruptive behavior in childhood, but the neurocognitive effects of exposure that underlie this link are not sufficiently understood. The present study was designed to address this gap, through longitudinal follow-up in early childhood of a prospectively enrolled cohort with well-characterized prenatal exposure. Three-year-old children (n = 151) were assessed using a developmentally sensitive battery capturing both cognitive and motivational aspects of self-regulation. PTE was related to motivational self-regulation, where children had to delay approach to attractive rewards, but not cognitive self-regulation, where children had to hold information in mind and inhibit prepotent motor responses. Furthermore, PTE predicted motivational self-regulation more strongly in boys than in girls, and when propensity scores were covaried to control for confounding risk factors, the effect of PTE on motivational self-regulation was significant only in boys. These findings suggest that PTE's impact on neurodevelopment may be greater in boys than in girls, perhaps reflecting vulnerability in neural circuits that subserve reward sensitivity and emotion regulation, and may also help to explain why PTE is more consistently related to disruptive behavior disorders than attention problems.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 27 , Special Issue 2: Neural Plasticity, Sensitive Periods, and Psychopathology , May 2015 , pp. 397 - 409
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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