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Kindergarten stressors and cumulative adrenocortical activation: The “first straws” of allostatic load?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2011

Nicole R. Bush ,
Jelena Obradović ,
Nancy Adler  and
W. Thomas Boyce
Nicole R. Bush*
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley
Jelena Obradović
Affiliation:
Stanford University
Nancy Adler
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley
W. Thomas Boyce
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Nicole Bush, Center for Health and Community at the University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118; E-mail: BushN@chc.ucsf.edu.
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Abstract

Using an ethnically diverse longitudinal sample of 338 kindergarten children, this study examined the effects of cumulative contextual stressors on children's developing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation as an early life indicator of allostatic load. Chronic HPA axis regulation was assessed using cumulative, multiday measures of cortisol in both the fall and spring seasons of the kindergarten year. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that contextual stressors related to ethnic minority status, socioeconomic status, and family adversity each uniquely predicted children's daily HPA activity and that some of those associations were curvilinear in conformation. Results showed that the quadratic, U-shaped influences of family socioeconomic status and family adversity operate in different directions to predict children's HPA axis regulation. Results further suggested that these associations differ for White and ethnic minority children. In total, this study revealed that early childhood experiences contribute to shifts in one of the principal neurobiological systems thought to generate allostatic load, confirming the importance of early prevention and intervention efforts. Moreover, findings suggested that analyses of allostatic load and developmental theories accounting for its accrual would benefit from an inclusion of curvilinear associations in tested predictive models.

Type
Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 23 , Issue 4: Allostatic Load: Part 2 , November 2011 , pp. 1089 - 1106
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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