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Predictors of withdrawal: Possible precursors of avoidant personality disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2009

Natalie D. Eggum ,
Nancy Eisenberg ,
Tracy L. Spinrad ,
Carlos Valiente ,
Alison Edwards ,
Anne S. Kupfer  and
Mark Reiser
Natalie D. Eggum
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Nancy Eisenberg*
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Tracy L. Spinrad
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Carlos Valiente
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Alison Edwards
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Anne S. Kupfer
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Mark Reiser
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Nancy Eisenberg, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104. E-mail: nancy.eisenberg@asu.edu
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Abstract

Relations of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) with shyness and inhibition suggest that a precursor of AvPD is withdrawal. Using a sample of 4.5- to 7-year-olds studied four times, 2 years apart, four and three classes of children differing in trajectories of mother- and teacher-reported withdrawal, respectively, were identified. Mothers and teachers generally did not agree on children's trajectories but the pattern of findings in the two contexts did not differ markedly. The mother-identified high and declining withdrawal class, in comparison with less withdrawn classes, and the teacher-identified high and declining class compared with low withdrawal classes, were associated with relatively high levels of anger and low levels of attentional control and resiliency. The mother-identified moderate and increasing withdrawal class was distinguished from less problematic withdrawal classes by higher anger, lower resiliency, and sometimes, lower attentional control. The teacher-identified low and increasing withdrawal class was distinguished from less problematic withdrawal classes by lower resiliency and lower attentional control. Findings are discussed in terms of the developmental precursors to social withdrawal and avoidant behavior.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 21 , Issue 3: Precursors and Diverse Pathways to Personality Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Part 1 , August 2009 , pp. 815 - 838
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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