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Changes in the neural bases of emotion regulation associated with clinical improvement in children with behavior problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2008

Marc D. Lewis ,
Isabela Granic ,
Connie Lamm ,
Philip David Zelazo ,
Jim Stieben ,
Rebecca M. Todd ,
Ida Moadab  and
Debra Pepler
Marc D. Lewis*
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Isabela Granic
Affiliation:
Hospital for Sick Children
Connie Lamm
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Philip David Zelazo
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Jim Stieben
Affiliation:
York University
Rebecca M. Todd
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Ida Moadab
Affiliation:
University of Oregon
Debra Pepler
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Marc D. Lewis, University of Toronto, 252 Boor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada; E-mail: mlewis@oise.utoronto.ca.
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Abstract

Children's behavior problems may stem from ineffective cortical mechanisms for regulating negative emotions, and the success of interventions may depend on their impact on such mechanisms. We examined neurophysiological markers associated with emotion regulation in children comorbid for externalizing and internalizing problems before and after treatment. We hypothesized that treatment success would correspond with reduced ventral prefrontal activation, and increased dorsomedial prefrontal activation, at the time point of an event-related potential (ERP) associated with inhibitory control. Twenty-seven 8- to 12-year-old children (with usable data) were tested before and after a 14-week community-based treatment program and assessed as to improvement status. Fifteen 8- to 12-year-olds from the normal population (with usable data) were tested over the same interval. All children completed an emotion-induction go/no-go task while fitted with a 128-channel electrode net at each test session. ERP amplitudes, and estimates of cortical activation in prefrontal regions of interest, were measured at the peak of the “inhibitory” N2 and compared between improvers, nonimprovers, and nonclinical children. ERP amplitudes showed no group differences. However, improvers showed an overall reduction in ventral prefrontal activation from pretreatment to posttreatment, bringing them in line with nonclinical children, whereas ventral activation remained high for nonimprovers. Both improvers and nonimprovers showed high dorsal activation relative to nonclinical children. Supplementary analyses indicated that only ventral prefrontal regions, and only within the N2 time window, showed decreased activity from pre- to posttreatment, suggesting changes in regulatory processes rather than in overall emotional arousal. These cortically mediated changes may permit a reduction in the overengaged, rigid style of emotion regulation characteristic of children with behavior problems.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , Summer 2008 , pp. 913 - 939
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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Footnotes

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (to M.D.L. and I.G.) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to M.D.L.). We thank Sidney J. Segalowitz for his suggestions for analyzing and interpreting the data and the scientists at Electrical Geodesics Inc. for their continuing support and advice.

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