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Clarifying domains of internalizing psychopathology using neurophysiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2011

U. Vaidyanathan ,
L. D. Nelson  and
C. J. Patrick
U. Vaidyanathan*
Affiliation:
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
L. D. Nelson
Affiliation:
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
C. J. Patrick
Affiliation:
Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr U. Vaidyanathan, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. (Email: uma@psy.fsu.edu)
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Abstract

Current initiatives such as the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria project aim to reorganize classification of mental disorders along neurobiological lines. Here, we describe how consideration of findings from psychiatric research employing two physiological measures with distinct neural substrates – the startle blink reflex and the error-related negativity (ERN) – can help to clarify relations among disorders entailing salient anxiety or depressive symptomatology. Specifically, findings across various studies and reviews reveal distinct patterns of association for both the startle blink reflex and the ERN with three key domains of psychopathology: (1) Fear (or phobic) disorders (distinguished by increased startle to unpleasant stimuli, but normal-range ERN). (2) Non-phobic anxiety disorders and negative affect (associated with increased ERN, increased startle across all types of emotional stimuli and increased baseline startle) and, more tentatively (3) Major depression (for which patterns of response for both startle and ERN appear to vary, as a function of severity and distinct symptomatology). Findings from this review point to distinct neurobiological indicators of key psychopathology domains that have been previously demarcated using personality and diagnostic data. Notably, these indicators exhibit more specificity in their relations with these three domains than has been seen in quantitative-dimensional models. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Keywords

Anxietyerror-related negativityfearstartle blink reflexindividual differencesinternalizing
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , March 2012 , pp. 447 - 459
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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