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Movement abnormalities and psychotic-like experiences in childhood: markers of developing schizophrenia?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2011

D. MacManus ,
K. R. Laurens ,
E. F. Walker ,
J. L. Brasfield ,
M. Riaz  and
S. Hodgins
D. MacManus*
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
K. R. Laurens
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK Research Unit for Schizophrenia Epidemiology, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
E. F. Walker
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Emory University Laney Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, USA
J. L. Brasfield
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Emory University Laney Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, USA
M. Riaz
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
S. Hodgins
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
*
*Address for correspondence: D. MacManus, BSc, MBChB, MSc, MRCPsych, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences (Box P023), Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. (Email: Deirdre.Macmanus@kcl.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Background

Both involuntary dyskinetic movements and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are reported to be antecedents of schizophrenia that may reflect dysfunctional dopaminergic activity in the striatum. The present study compared dyskinetic movement abnormalities displayed by children with multiple antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz), including speech and/or motor developmental lags or problems, internalising/externalising problems in the clinical range, and PLEs, with those displayed by children with no antecedents (noASz).

Method

The sample included 21 ASz and 31 noASz children, aged 9–12 years old. None had taken psychotropic medication or had relatives with psychosis. The antecedents of schizophrenia were assessed using questionnaires completed by children and caregivers. A trained rater, blind to group status, coded dyskinetic movement abnormalities using a validated tool from videotapes of interviews with the children.

Results

ASz children reported, on average, ‘certain experience’ of 2.5 PLEs, while noASz children, by definition, reported none. The ASz children, as compared with noASz children, displayed significantly more dyskinetic movement abnormalities in total, and in the facial and the upper-body regions, after controlling for sex and age. Receiver operator characteristics analyses yielded high area under the curve values for the total score (0.94), facial score (0.91) and upper-body score (0.86), indicating that these scores distinguished between the ASz and noASz children with great accuracy.

Conclusions

Brief questionnaires identified children with multiple antecedents of schizophrenia who displayed significantly more involuntary dyskinetic movement abnormalities than children without antecedents. The presence of PLEs and dyskinesias could reflect early disruption of striatal dopamine circuits.

Keywords

Antecedentsdopaminedyskinesiapsychosisrisk factors
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 99 - 109
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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