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Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in preterm and full-term children, adolescents and young adults: a meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2011

A. C. Burnett ,
P. J. Anderson ,
J. Cheong ,
L. W. Doyle ,
C. G. Davey  and
S. J. Wood
A. C. Burnett*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
P. J. Anderson
Affiliation:
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
J. Cheong
Affiliation:
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, VIC, Australia
L. W. Doyle
Affiliation:
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, VIC, Australia
C. G. Davey
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
S. J. Wood
Affiliation:
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Australia School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Ms. A. C. Burnett, Department of Psychology, Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. (Email: aburnett@unimelb.edu.au)
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Abstract

Background

Preterm (PT) birth and low birth weight (LBW) are high-prevalence events that are associated with adverse outcomes in the longer term, with vulnerability increasing as maturity at birth decreases. Psychiatric symptomatology appears heightened in PT/LBW survivors, though there are some discordant findings from studies using questionnaire measures, particularly with respect to anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Method

This article synthesises findings from research using clinical psychiatric diagnostic criteria in PT/LBW individuals aged 10–25 years compared with term-born peers. Key outcomes of interest were the rates of individuals receiving any psychiatric diagnosis and the number of diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders.

Results

A literature search for studies reporting prevalence of ‘any diagnosis’ yielded five studies that met inclusion criteria, with a total of 565 PT/LBW and 533 control individuals. Also, five studies were found that reported rates of anxiety/depression (692 PT/LBW and 605 control individuals). The risk of these outcomes was increased for PT/LBW individuals compared with controls [any diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 3.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57–5.21; anxiety or depressive disorder: OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.73–4.73].

Conclusions

The studies reviewed here indicate that, in addition to monitoring and management of medical and cognitive sequelae, the psychological well-being of PT/LBW individuals should be a key part of ongoing care.

Keywords

Adolescenceanxietydepressionmeta-analysisprematurity
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 41 , Issue 12 , December 2011 , pp. 2463 - 2474
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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