Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-94d59 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T20:10:06.823Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia: five-year follow-up findings1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

J. Leff*
Affiliation:
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
N. Sartorius
Affiliation:
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Jablensky
Affiliation:
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Korten
Affiliation:
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
G. Ernberg
Affiliation:
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
*
2 Address for correspondence: Dr Norman Sartorius, Division of Mental Health World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.

Synopsis

A five-year follow-up of the patients initially included in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia was conducted in eight of the nine centres. Adequate information was obtained for 807 patients, representing 76% of the initial cohort. Clinical and social outcomes were significantly better for patients in Agra and Ibadan than for those in the centres in developed countries. In Cali, only social outcome was significantly better.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

This paper on the 5-year follow-up of patients included in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia of the WHO was prepared on behalf of the collaborating investigators (see Appendix).

References

Referemces

Bleuler, M. (1972). Die Schizophrenen Geistesstörungen im Lichte Langjähriger Kranken-und Familien-Geschichten. Thieme: Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Ciompi, L. (1980). Catamnestic long-term study on the course of life and aging of schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 6, 606618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harding, C. M., Brooks, G. W., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, S. S. & Breier, A. (1987). The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness. 1: Methodology, study sample and overall status 32 years later. American Journal of Psychiatry 144, 718726.Google Scholar
Huber, G., Gross, G. & Schüttler, R. (1975). A long-term follow-up study of schizophrenia: psychiatric course of illness and prognosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 52, 4957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, J. H., Karno, M., De La Selva, A. & Santana, F. (1986). Expressed Emotion in cross-cultural context: familial responses to schizophrenic illness among Mexican Americans. In Treatment of Schizophrenia (ed. Goldstein, M. J., Hand, I. and Hahlweg, K.), pp. 3549. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulhara, P. & Wig, N. N. (1978). The chronicity of schizophrenia in North West India: results of a follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry 132, 186190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J. (1988). Psychiatry Around the Globe 2nd edn.Gaskell: London.Google Scholar
Leff, J. P., Wig, N., Ghosh, A., Bedi, H., Menon, D. K., Kuipers, L., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Day, R., Sartorius, N. & Jablensky, A. (1987). III. Influence of relatives' Expressed Emotion on the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh. British Journal of Psychiatry 151, 166173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J., Wig, N. N., Bedi, H., Menon, D. K., Kuipers, L., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Day, R., Sartorius, N. & Jablensky, A. (1990). Relatives' Expressed Emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh. A two-year follow-up of a first-contact sample. British Journal of Psychiatry 156, 351356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leon, C. A. & Micklin, M. (1971). Opiniones communitarias sobre enfermedad mental y su tratamiento en Cali, Colombia. Acta Psiquiatrica y Psycologia de America Latina 17, 385394.Google Scholar
Lo, W. H. & Lo, T. (1977). A ten-year follow-up of Chinese schizophrenics in Hong Kong. British Journal of Psychiatry 131, 6366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, H. B. M. & Raman, A. C. (1971). The chronicity of schizophrenia in indigenous tropical peoples. British Journal of Psychiatry 118, 489497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Cooper, J. E. & Day, R. (1986). Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychological Medicine 16, 909928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, M., Watt, D., Falloon, I. & Smeeton, N. (1989). The natural history of schizophrenia: a five-year follow-up study of outcome and prediction in a representative sample of schizophrenics. Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, J. H. (1978). Long-term prognosis and follow-up in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 4, 2547.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsuang, M. T., Woolson, R. F. & Fleming, J. A. (1979). Long-term outcome of major psychoses. Archives of General Psychiatry 36, 12951301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watt, D. C., Katz, K. & Shepherd, M. (1983). The natural history of schizophrenia: a 5-year prospective follow-up of a representative sample of schizophrenics by means of a standardized clinical and social assessment. Psychological Medicine 13, 663670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waxler, N. E. (1979). Is outcome for schizophrenia better in non-industrial societies? The case of Sri Lanka. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 167, 144158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, J. K., Cooper, J. E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Description and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and CATEGO System. Cambridge University Press: London.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1973). The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia vol. 1. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1979). Schizophrenia: An International Follow-up Study. John Wiley and Sons: Chichester.Google Scholar