Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Personality and paths to successful development: an overview
- Part I Temperament and emotion regulation
- 1 Temperament and socialization
- 2 The role of emotionality and regulation in children's social competence and adjustment
- Part II Formation of social relationships
- Part III Continuity in individual life paths
- Part IV Environmental contributions to personality development
- Part V Life transitions
- Part VI Personal goals and well-being
- Index
- References
1 - Temperament and socialization
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Personality and paths to successful development: an overview
- Part I Temperament and emotion regulation
- 1 Temperament and socialization
- 2 The role of emotionality and regulation in children's social competence and adjustment
- Part II Formation of social relationships
- Part III Continuity in individual life paths
- Part IV Environmental contributions to personality development
- Part V Life transitions
- Part VI Personal goals and well-being
- Index
- References
Summary
Traditional approaches to successful development have focused almost entirely on socialization practices expected to lead to optimal outcomes. An implicit assumption of much research on achievement (e.g., McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, and Lowell, 1953), altruism (e.g., Hoffman, 1975), and morality (e.g., Bandura, 1977), for example, has been that parental and societal influences affect all children in a similar manner. More recent work, however, indicates that different children may respond to similar socialization efforts in predictably divergent ways, with the individual characteristics of the child influencing pathways to both successful and maladaptive outcomes. Characteristics of the child may also determine whether intervention is needed, as well as the strategies chosen by adults to influence change. Temperament research allows us to study interactions between individual and environmental influences, because it describes processes evident early in life from which social adaptations to environmental conditions develop. Whereas the child's personality will include skills, habits, and cognitive structures shaped through interaction with the environment, temperament provides the biological basis upon which these structures are built.
In this chapter, a brief introduction to temperament is presented and data from our laboratory on the developmental structure of temperament are discussed. We then review links between dimensions of temperamental variability and mechanisms of socialization. We propose that three broad temperamental systems: surgency, negative affectivity (including facets of fear and anger/frustration), and effortful control, can be seen early in life and are influential in the development of personality.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Paths to Successful DevelopmentPersonality in the Life Course, pp. 19 - 45Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2002
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