Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractGenetic epidemiology of cholesterol cholelithiasis among Chilean Hispanics, Amerindians, and Maoris☆,☆☆
Section snippets
General clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board for Human Studies of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Frequencies of gallstones were compared among three Chilean, geographically and ethnically distinct populations aged 20 years and older. A map of Chile and South America with the three specific areas of this study is shown in Figure 1.
Results
The general characteristics of the populations that participated in the study are shown in Table 1.
Variable Hispanics Mapuche Indians Maoris Subjects (n) 1584 182 225 Sex (M/F) 618/966 90/92a 99/126 Age (yr) Women 40 ± 0.5 43 ± 1.6 43 ± 1.2a Men 40 ± 0.6b 47 ± 1.8 44 ± 1.4 All subjects 40 ± 0.3b 45 ± 1.1 44 ± 0.3 aP < 0.05, significantly different from the Hispanic population. bP < 0.01, significantly different from the other two groups.
Discussion
This study showed that cholesterol gallstone disease was very common among Chilean Mapuche Indians and Hispanics. Prevalence was >60% among women in their fifties, a frequency slightly lower than that found among Pima Indian women of similar age.6 However, the prevalence was much greater than among Mexican Americans,7, 8, 9 other North American Hispanics,8 and Europeans,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 including Spanish (Emilio Ros, Barcelona, Spain, personal communication, March 1995). The
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the communities of La Florida, Huapi Island, and Hanga-Roa, Easter Island, without whose participation and encouragement these studies could not have been performed; Maria Antonieta Rebeco and Soledad Gazmuri from the Austral University, Valdivia City, for the excellent interview and ethnographic work performed in Huapi Island; Drs. R. Yazigi and C. Ovalle from the Chilean Air Force Hospital for collaboration in the study of Maoris of Easter Island; and Rossana Giancaspero and
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Address requests for reprints to: Flavio Nervi, M.D., Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (56) 2-639-7780.
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Supported by grant 1091-G224/ICU/CILE from the Ministero degli Affari Esteri D'Italia and grants 0620 and 1971092 from the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (to F.N.).