Elsevier

Vaccine

Volume 33, Issue 52, 22 December 2015, Pages 7462-7468
Vaccine

Novel approaches to whole sporozoite vaccination against malaria

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.095Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Abstract

The parasitic disease malaria threatens more than 3 billion people worldwide, resulting in more than 200 million clinical cases and almost 600,000 deaths annually. Vaccines remain crucial for prevention and ultimately eradication of infectious diseases and, for malaria, whole sporozoite based immunization has been shown to be the most effective in experimental settings. In addition to immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites (CPS) is a highly efficient strategy to induce sterile protection in humans. Genetically attenuated parasites (GAP) have demonstrated significant protection in rodent studies, and are now being advanced into clinical testing. This review describes the existing pre-clinical and clinical data on CPS and GAP, discusses recent developments and examines how to transform these immunization approaches into vaccine candidates for clinical development.

Keywords

Malaria
Plasmodium
Vaccine
Immunization
Sporozoite
Chemoprophylaxis
Chloroquine
Genetic attenuation
Liver stage
Pre-erythrocytic stages

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Open Access provided for this article by the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative and ExxonMobil Foundation.