Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Human gaze control during real-world scene perception
Section snippets
Stimulus-based gaze control
Three general approaches have been adopted to investigate the image properties that influence where a viewer will fixate in a scene. First, scene patches centered at each fixation position are analyzed to determine whether they differ in some image property from unselected patches. Using this ‘scene statistics’ approach, investigators have found that high spatial frequency content and edge density are somewhat greater at fixation sites 14, 15, and that local contrast (the standard deviation of
Knowledge-driven gaze control
Human eye movement control is ‘smart’ in the sense that it draws not only on currently available visual input, but also on several cognitive systems, including short-term memory for previously attended information in the current scene, stored long-term visual, spatial and semantic information about other similar scenes, and the goals and plans of the viewer. In fact, fixation sites are less strongly tied to visual saliency when meaningful scenes are viewed during active tasks 23, 35, 36, 37.
Acknowledgements
Preparation of this article was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (BCS-0094433) and the Army Research Office (DAAD19–00–1-0519; the opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of the Army or any other governmental organization). I thank Monica Castelhano, Daniel Gajewski, Aaron Pearson, Aude Oliva, and Fernanda Ferreira for their contributions to the ideas presented here and for comments on the
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