Original ArticleAssociation between report of insomnia and daytime functioning
Section snippets
Objective
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV) [1] and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual (ICSD) [2] define insomnia as persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, which is associated with daytime functioning deficits. Furthermore, an individual must perceive his/her sleep as impaired and report insomnia to be diagnosed. It is unclear, however, how sleep disruption and daytime
Participants and procedures
The analyses were conducted using archival data from an epidemiological survey of sleep and daytime functioning collected in Shelby County in the Memphis, Tennessee area between the years 1997 and 1999. The current study was supported by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Alabama. Random digit dialing was used to recruit 772 participants with equal representation in each age decade from 20–29 years to 89+ years. Participants were recruited until data from 50 men and women in each
Sample demographics
Data from 734 individuals were analyzed. The gender distribution was 48.6% male and 51.4% female with 97 males and 138 females who reported insomnia and 260 males and 239 females who reported no sleep problems. A χ2 test revealed that females were significantly more likely to report insomnia, χ2 (1) = 7.50, p = .006. The age representation ranged from 20 to 96 years of age with a mean of 53.8(19.9) years. The mean age for individuals reporting insomnia was 59.0(19.4) and 51.3(19.6) for those
Conclusions
Individuals who reported insomnia also reported greater daytime functioning impairment, which is consistent with previous studies [7], [8], [10], [22]. This study expands on previous research by demonstrating that the presence or absence of an insomnia report was related to daytime functioning after controlling for demographics, health status, and quantitative sleep parameters. This finding suggests that perceptions of sleep are tied to meaningful differences in reported depression, anxiety,
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by National Institute on Aging Grants AG12136 and AG14738 awarded to the second author.
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