Psychopathological consequences of maltreatment among children and adolescents: A systematic review of the GxE literature
Section snippets
What this paper adds?
In the presence of a history of maltreatment, the following genetic risk factors emerge. For antisocial conduct: MAOA low activity allele (among boys) or high activity allele (among girls), 5-HTTLPR S allele, one or two copies of CATT haplotype/A allele of rs4713916 polymorphism (FKBP5) and TPH1 T allele. For depression: 5-HTTLPR S allele (especially in the homozygous asset), DAT1 T allele, Met allele and Val/Val genotype of BDNF-Val66met (rs6265), the methylation process of BDNF, NR3C1 and
Method
Studies were identified through an extensive search in the following electronic databases: Medline and PsycINFO in the period 2006 to 2017. The selection of relevant published studies began with a search that combined the following keywords: “Child maltreatment” and “GxE”, “Child maltreatment” and “Psychopathology”, “Gene-Environment interaction”, “Gene-environment correlation”, “GxE and psychopathology”, “Childhood trauma” and “Psychiatric symptoms”, “Early adverse life events”, “Early life
Antisocial behaviour
Maltreating family environments have been shown to be a risk factor for the development of antisocial conduct (Cicchetti & Rogosch, 2001). Among maltreated subjects, this outcome is often studied in relation to monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) polymorphisms, being its short allele variant (low transcriptional activity) associated with aggressive behaviour (Buckholtz & Meyer-Lindenberg, 2008).
Building on Caspi et al. (2005) results among youths/adults, Kim-Cohen et al. (2006) examined the interaction
Interaction between childhood maltreatment and genetic risk factors
The present paper reviewed the interaction between childhood maltreatment and specific genetic polymorphisms in determining psychopathological manifestations among children and adolescents. We hypothesized that a history of childhood victimization can have a bigger impact on development and mental health in the presence of specific genetic vulnerability. In particular, we focused on the interaction between maltreatment and genetic variations of MAOA, 5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, FKBP5 and BDNF (more
Conclusion
In conclusion, we argue that maltreatment is very likely to result in worse psychopathological outcomes among subjects with a specific genetic vulnerability. Albeit maltreatment (especially at high levels of severity; Cicchetti et al., 2010; Weder et al., 2009) is associated with increased level of psychopathological symptoms regardless of the genetic asset, specific genotypes seem to strongly increase the risk of negative outcomes.
Comprehending pathways from child maltreatment to
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2022, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :For example, in a study of school-age children, Cicchetti et al. (2014) found that maltreatment history interacted with OXTR (oxytocin receptor gene) and FKBP5 (a gene involved in glucocorticoid receptor regulation) genotypes to predict child borderline personality symptoms, but the direction of the interaction differed by sex: females were at greater risk when they had minor (less common) alleles and males were at greater risk when they had major (more common) alleles. Other studies suggest that some genotypic vulnerability in response to ELA may be specific to males (Maglione et al., 2018). In a study of young adults, Min et al. (2017) found retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) gene polymorphisms interacted with childhood maltreatment to predict anxiety sensitivity in boys.
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2021, Journal of AdolescenceCitation Excerpt :Yet, mechanisms linking child maltreatment to psychopathology and suicidal thoughts during adolescence are not fully understood among youth reporting substance use problems. Child maltreatment consists of several correlated types of abuse, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, which have all been documented to be associated with multiple forms of psychopathology among adolescents and young adults (Cicchetti & Handley, 2019; Duprey et al., 2019a; Maglione, Caputi, Moretti, & Scaini, 2018). Drawing from developmental psychopathology and systems perspectives, there are likely to be multiple paths from a common risk factor (e.g., childhood maltreatment) to specific forms of psychopathology, such as the internalizing and externalizing paths from child maltreatment to substance use disorders reviewed by Cicchetti and Handley (2019).
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2019, Psychiatry ResearchCitation Excerpt :No G × CM interaction was able to explain the risk of MD or dimensional psychopathology. Previous research suggests that children exposed to maltreatment are at a higher risk of developing MD (Cicchetti and Rogosch, 2012; Heim and Nemeroff, 2001; Maglione et al., 2018; Salum et al., 2016). Our findings corroborate these studies by confirming that children exposed to abuse were at a higher risk of presenting with a psychiatric diagnosis and had higher CBCL scores.
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