Stereotyped behaviors predicting self-injurious behavior in individuals with intellectual disabilities
Section snippets
Participants and data collection
The data set consisted of a total 1871 cases. Data sets from five different regions of the world were collated (Within USA: Rojahn et al., 2010; Rojahn et al., 2011, Zaja et al., 2011; Outside of USA: Hastings et al., 2005, Mircea et al., 2010, Owen et al., 2004). Participants were selected to be part of the sample studied if they had a total score greater than 0 on the Behavior Problem Inventory (Rojahn et al., 2001). Data were cross-sectional though collected in a period from 2004 to 2010.
Measures
The long form of the Behavior Problem Inventory (BPI-01; Rojahn et al., 2001, Rojahn et al., 2012a, Rojahn et al., 2012b) is a 49-item measure consisting of three subscales: Self-injurious Behavior (k = 14), Stereotyped Behavior (k = 24), and Aggressive/Destructive Behavior (k = 11). For the current study, we focused on the Self-injurious Behavior and Stereotyped Behavior subscales. A score of 1 indicated the presence of SIB or stereotyped behavior. Zeros indicated no reported presence of SIB.
Procedure
For our first research question (Was stereotyped behavior a significant predictor of SIB?), structural equation modeling techniques were utilized to examine the relationship between stereotyped behavior as predicting SIB via MPlus (v. 7.0; Muthén & Muthén, 2012). The exogeneous variables of age and level of intellectual disability (ID) were statistically controlled in examining this relationship in view of the relationship of the rest of the endogenous variables. The latent variable of
Was stereotyped behavior a significant predictor of SIB?
To test the predictive relationship between stereotyped behavior and SIB, a path model was established using structural equation modeling techniques where we statistically controlled for level of ID and chronological age. Model fit was evaluated via values for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), Comparative fit index (CFI), and chi-square (χ2) for statistical significance (Byrne, 2011). Based upon the pre-existing item to factor structure of the BPI-01,
Discussion
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the viability of a model of stereotyped behavior predicting SIB among individuals with ID. Utilizing a large, international dataset, findings from this study indicate that stereotyped behavior is a significant predictor of SIB for some, but not all, individuals with ID. Specifically, stereotyped behavior was a strong, statistically significant predictor of SIB for approximately 69% (n = 1291) of the sample, but stereotyped behavior did not predict
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