ReviewToilet training individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities: A critical review
Section snippets
Method
A comprehensive literature review was conducted where the major psychology (e.g., PsychoInfo), educational (e.g., ERIC), and medical (e.g., Medline) search engines were queried for toileting articles using a combination of the following search words: “toileting, toilet, and (in)continence” and “autism, developmental disability and disorder, intellectual disability and mental retardation.” The years searched began with (Fall) 2008 and a lower year limit was not set. Sixty-eight citations were
Discussion
A number of training protocols have been well established as successful for achieving continence in individuals with autism spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities. Almost all of these protocols are derivatives of the RTT method pioneered by Foxx and Azrin (Azrin & Foxx, 1971; Foxx & Azrin, 1973), with the exception of the earlier training programs that still contain a number of behavioral strategies. Still, it is important to investigate both the participant and study/programmatic
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