ArticleOn Hitting Children: A Review of Corporal Punishment in the United States
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Michele Knox, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH.
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Maternal use of corporal punishment and behavior problems in early childhood: A sibling comparison analysis
2022, Child Abuse and NeglectCitation Excerpt :The results of this study underscore findings from dozens of other studies conducted over the past 50 years (Vaughan-Eden et al., 2019): CP is an ineffective form of discipline at best and is strongly associated with negative developmental outcomes, specifically externalizing behavior problems (Gershoff, 2002; Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016). Nevertheless, many parents in the USA view CP as a necessary component of disciplining their children (Knox, 2010; Lee et al., 2020). Indeed, previous studies have suggested that many parents believe children who do not receive CP (i.e., “spankings”) will grow up to be out of control, disrespectful, and/or spoiled (Benjet & Kazdin, 2003; Perrin et al., 2017).
Child Maltreatment Prevention: Essentials for the Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
2022, Journal of Pediatric Health CareCitation Excerpt :Should the parent endorse the use of CP, the PNP should discuss in an open, nonjudgmental manner the potential negative consequences of CP as well as its long-term ineffectiveness (Afifi, Mota, MacMillan, & Sareen, 2013; Chiocca, 2017; Knox, 2010; Lee, Grogan-Kaylor, & Berger, 2014; Sege et al., 2018). The primary negative consequences being that children who experience spanking and other forms of physical discipline are at increased risk to experience physical abuse at the hands of their parents have lower/slower cognitive development and poorer long-term mental health outcomes (Afifi et al., 2013; Chiocca, 2017; Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016; Knox, 2010). Offer other age-appropriate nonphysical methods of discipline such as time-out, loss of privileges, or grounding.
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Michele Knox, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH.