ArticleClinical practiceDifferentiating nursing leadership and management competencies
Section snippets
Methods
The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and MEDLINE were used to identify the literature over 5 years—from 2000–2004. In CINAHL, “administration” is a subheading within the subject heading “management”. Information in the scope note suggested using both management and administration in the search. Thus, the major search words—leadership, management, and administration—were each combined with additional subject headings—competencies, knowledge, skills, abilities,
A General Description of the Literature
Individuals from 16 disciplines authored these articles, reflecting a widespread interest in leadership and management. The first author was most often a nurse (n = 67), followed by individuals in business (n = 19), medicine (n = 14), and health care management (n = 8). Authors from psychology, pharmacy, physical therapy, respiratory therapy, theology, and veterinary practice (n = 1 each) also addressed competencies for leadership and management.
Most articles (n = 62) were published in nursing
Discussion
Both educational programs and professional nursing organizations address numerous leadership and management competencies, either directly or indirectly, in their curricular recommendations and standards statements. Questions arise, however, about the adequacy of these responses given the pace of change in today’s health care systems. In this analysis, leadership competencies were addressed almost twice as often as management competencies. Although this underscores the popularity of leadership,
Conclusion
Based on this analysis, the boundaries between nursing leadership and management competencies have narrowed. This narrowing blurs the differences traditionally noted between the 2, requiring new approaches to conceptualizing curricula. The challenge for educators becomes one of examining and revising curricula to ensure that course content will help students acquire the competencies they need to succeed in contemporary administrative positions.
There must be thoughtful, deliberate consideration
Bonnie Mowinski Jennings is an Independent Health Care Consultant in Alexandria, VA.
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Bonnie Mowinski Jennings is an Independent Health Care Consultant in Alexandria, VA.
Cynthia Scalzi is an Associate Professor at the School of Nursing and the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
James D. Rodgers III is a Health Care Consultant for Neural Capital Management, LLC in New York, NY.
Anne Keane is an Associate Dean for Academic Programs and Class of 1965 25th Reunion Term Professor in Nursing at the School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.