The Evolution of Surgical Training: Perspectives on Educational Models from the Past to the Future
Section snippets
Brief history of surgical training
Attempts at improving surgical education began almost a millennium ago, the first tiny steps in a long process to advance training in the craft of surgery and transform it from trade to profession. As medicine became more defined as a field of its own, efforts were made to separate the academic surgeons from barber-surgeons with little or no training. The College deSaint Come, established in Paris in about 1210 ad, was the first to do this by identifying the academic surgeons, those who had
Modern models of residency training
The residency system of training did not eliminate the apprenticeship model for those who wished to learn the art of surgery; it was the catalyst of evolution. Residency gave the apprenticeship model the structure, standardization, and stability it needed to train modern surgical residents. In fact, the ideas introduced by Halstead still provide for the position of a master or mentor who supervises and instructs his or her apprentices. The position of mentor is so valuable and rewarding, not
Future evolution
Given the failure of the Mall model of residency training to fulfill the demands and requirements of graduate medical education, apprenticeship-style or Osler model residency training programs have quietly, without notice, become the dominant standard for surgical training once again. With the ongoing requirements and monitoring of programs provided by the ACGME, many of the flaws of the apprenticeship model, such as lack of standardization and the “cult of the individual,” are eliminated,
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Intraoperative teaching methods, models, and frameworks: A scoping review for surgical resident education
2024, American Journal of SurgeryIdentifying Strategies for Struggling Surgery Residents
2022, Journal of Surgical ResearchCitation Excerpt :Because of this, the responsibility and burden of identifying and subsequently developing remediation strategies for struggling residents often fall on the program director (PD) and other faculty members, and it is unclear if progress has been made toward innovative remediation strategies following the work of Torbeck et al.8-10 The current model of surgical training has transformed from the apprenticeship model toward one where residents spend less time with more faculty members, making it challenging to identify struggling residents.11,12 Additionally, faculty are often reluctant to make broad judgments on a resident’s clinical performance after such brief interactions.4
Value of Standardized Testing in Surgical Training
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2018, Journal of Surgical EducationCitation Excerpt :During a 2-week interval, 1503 patients from 109 centers were included for analysis of the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs postgastrointestinal surgery.29 ( STARSurg collaborative reference 1). Other international collaborative trainee-led research groups have been formed on the back of these previous successes, with examples being the EuroSURG collaborative (www.EuroSurg.org) and the OAKS study (Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery).30