Testing a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development using resting-state connectivity analyses
Section snippets
Participants
Participants were recruited through local schools and advertisements (N = 299; ages 8–25). All participants provided written informed consent for the study (parental consent and participant assent for children and adolescents). Participants were screened for MRI contra indications and had no history of neurological or psychiatric disorders. All anatomical MRI scans were reviewed and cleared by a radiologist from the radiology department of the Leiden University Medical Center. No anomalous
Age related changes in functional connectivity with dlPFC
The first question we addressed was whether connectivity with the dlPFC changed across age. The bilateral dlPFC seed revealed a linear age-related increase in functional connectivity with subcortical regions such as the bilateral caudate, putamen, and thalamus, and with cortical regions such as the bilateral insula and inferior frontal gryus (see Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Table 2). A linear age-related decrease in functional connectivity was observed with the pre-SMA, motor cortex, and precuneus (see
Discussion
Adolescent brain development has been described by a dual-systems model, suggesting an imbalance between an early maturing, limbic, affective-motivational system, together with a relatively late developing cortical-control system (Somerville et al., 2010, Casey et al., 2008, Casey, 2015). The current study aimed to test this model by studying changes in intrinsic functional connectivity within and across networks typically associated with cognitive-control and affective-motivational processes.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by a grant from the European Research Counsel (ERC Innovative Ideas) awarded to E.A.C (ERC-2010-StG-263234).
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