Normas de referencia para el Cuestionario de Salud SF-12 versión 2 basadas en población general de Cataluña

doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2011.10.024

Medicina Clínica

Volume 139, Issue 14, 8 December 2012, Pages 613-625

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2011.10.024 Get rights and content

Resumen

Fundamento y objetivo

El cuestionario de salud SF-12 es una versión reducida del SF-36. La estrategia principal de interpretación de estos cuestionarios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) es la utilización de normas poblacionales. Este estudio pretende obtener las normas de referencia para la versión española del SF-12 versión 2 (SF-12v2), evaluar su validez de constructo y comparar los métodos de puntuación estándar y específico.

Sujetos y método

Se analizó una submuestra de la Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña (n = 4.261), representativa de la población general no institucionalizada. Se calculó la media y percentiles para las 8 dimensiones y los componentes sumarios, estratificando por sexo y edad. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante la comparación de grupos conocidos aplicando la prueba de ANOVA.

Resultados

Los resultados apoyaron las hipótesis establecidas a priori para los grupos conocidos (p < 0,001): peor salud física en las personas con problemas de movilidad (EQ-5D) (37,8 frente a 52), con mayor restricción en actividades (41,8 frente a 51,2) y con mayor número de trastornos crónicos (43,2 frente a 53,9); y peor salud mental en las personas con problemas de ansiedad/depresión (EQ-5D) (42,2 frente a 51,9). Las puntuaciones obtenidas con ambos métodos de puntuación fueron similares, excepto en Salud General y Vitalidad.

Conclusiones

El SF-12v2 es un instrumento válido para medir CVRS en nuestro entorno. Las normas obtenidas facilitan la interpretación de sus puntuaciones en la práctica clínica, la investigación y la gestión sanitaria. Se recomienda el método específico para comparaciones de CVRS a nivel nacional y el estándar para las internacionales.

Abstract

Background and objective

The SF-12 health survey is the short version of the SF-36. The main interpretation strategy for these health related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaires is the use of population based reference values. This study aims to obtain the population based norms for the Spanish version of SF-12 version 2 (SF-12v2), to evaluate its construct validity and to compare the scores obtained by the standard and the specific method of calculation.

Subjects and methods

We analyzed a subsample of the Catalan Health Interview Survey (n = 4,261), representative of the general non-institutionalized population. Median and percentiles were calculated for each of the 8 dimensions and for the component summaries, stratified by sex and age groups. The construct validity was evaluated by comparing known groups, applying ANOVA.

Results

The results for the known groups analysis supported the hypothesis established a priori (P < .001): worse physical health for persons with mobility problems (EQ-5D) (37.8 vs 52), with restriction in activities (41.8 vs 51.2), and with greater number of chronic disorders (from 43.2 to 53.9); and worse mental health with problems of anxiety/depression (EQ-5D) (42.2 vs 51.9). The scores obtained by the 2 different methods of calculation were similar, except for General Health and Vitality.

Conclusions

The SF-12v2 is a valid instrument to measure HQRL in our environment. The obtained norms facilitate the interpretation of SF-12v2 scores in the clinical practice, research and health policy. We recommend the use of the specific method of calculation for national HRQL comparison and the standard one for international comparison.

Section snippets

Introducción

Los resultados en salud declarados por los pacientes (patient reported outcomes) han ido adquiriendo cada vez mayor relevancia en la investigación, la práctica clínica y la planificación sanitaria1, 2, 3. La autopercepción del estado de salud y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) aportan información complementaria a los indicadores de salud tradicionales basados en mortalidad, siendo imprescindibles para describir la salud en países desarrollados, donde la esperanza de vida ha

Diseño y selección de la muestra

Los datos proceden de la Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña (ESCA) de 2006, un estudio transversal de una muestra representativa de los individuos no institucionalizados residentes en Cataluña (n = 18.126). La información sobre la construcción de la muestra ha sido descrita detalladamente con anterioridad¹³. Resumidamente, los individuos fueron seleccionados a partir del Registro de Población del Instituto de Estadística de Cataluña mediante un muestreo aleatorio con estratificación multietápica,

Resultados

La tabla 1 muestra las características de la submuestra de la ESCA (n = 4.261) compuesta por los individuos ≥ 18 años a los que se administró el cuestionario de salud SF-12v2. El 50,1% fueron mujeres, y la edad media (DE) fue de 45,9 (18) años. Más de la mitad de los encuestados estaban casados (57,8%) y el 61,3% estaba trabajando en aquel momento. La mitad de los participantes pertenecía a las clases sociales menos favorecidas (grupos iv y v) (51%). Un 12% tenía estudios incompletos, mientras que

Discusión

En el presente trabajo se han calculado por primera vez en el Estado español normas de referencia basadas en la población general para el cuestionario de salud SF-12v2; específicamente con una muestra representativa de la población catalana. Además, se ha evaluado la validez de constructo del cuestionario y se han mostrado las diferencias al usar el método estándar de puntuación (recomendado hasta la fecha) y el específico (presentado por primera vez en este trabajo). Estos resultados pueden

Financiación

Este estudio ha sido financiado por un convenio con el Departamento de Salud de la Generalitat de Catalunya y por la Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR 2011FI_B 01008, becas y ayudas predoctorales).

Conflicto de intereses

Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de intereses.

Agradecimientos

Los autores del artículo agradecen al Departamento de Salud por la financiación de este estudio, y a todas las personas (participantes y profesionales) que han participado en el presente estudio.

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OriginalNormas de referencia para el Cuestionario de Salud SF-12 versión 2 basadas en población general de CataluñaReference guidelines for the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 based on the Catalan general population

Resumen

Fundamento y objetivo

Sujetos y método

Resultados

Conclusiones

Abstract

Background and objective

Subjects and methods

Results

Conclusions

Section snippets

Introducción

Diseño y selección de la muestra

Resultados

Discusión

Financiación

Conflicto de intereses

Agradecimientos

Gac Sanit

J Clin Epidemiol

Gac Sanit

Med Clin (Barc)

Med Clin (Barc)

J Clin Epidemiol

Gac Sanit

Health Policy

Soc Sci Med

J Clin Epidemiol

Gac Sanit

Patient reported outcome measures: a model-based classification system for research and clinical practice

Qual Life Res

Quality of life measurement: bibliographic study of patient assessed health outcome measures

BMJ

Original
Normas de referencia para el Cuestionario de Salud SF-12 versión 2 basadas en población general de CataluñaReference guidelines for the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 based on the Catalan general population