Overarousal as a mechanism of the relation between rumination and suicidality
Section snippets
Participants and procedures
Participants were 492 psychiatric outpatients (64.2% female), aged 17–65 years (M = 26.75, SD = 10.32), who were seeking services at a university-based psychological clinic located in the southeastern United States. The clinic serves the surrounding community in addition to university students and staff, and due to the clinic's inexpensive sliding scale fees, patients tend to be of lower socioeconomic status. Exclusionary criteria are also minimal; individuals are only referred elsewhere if
Results
Means, standard deviations, ranges, and bivariate correlations of all study variables can be found in Table 1. Nightmares and suicidal ideation were positively skewed and leptokurtic; these variables were log-transformed to correct for non-normality, resulting in diminished skewness and kurtosis (<1) in both cases. As expected, all variables were significantly positively correlated. Overall, 248 participants (50.4%) reported current suicidal ideation, and 122 (24.8%) reported at least one past
Discussion
The present study investigated the relationship between rumination, manifestations of overarousal (agitation, insomnia, nightmares), and suicidal ideation and attempts in a psychiatric outpatient sample. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of both rumination (Miranda and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2007, Rogers and Joiner, 2017, Tucker et al., 2016b) and various types of overarousal (Pigeon et al., 2012, Ribeiro et al., 2015b, Ribeiro et al., 2014, Rogers et al., 2016a) in determining risk
Funding
This article was supported, in part, by a grant awarded to Florida State University (W81XWH-10-2-0181) by the Department of Defense. The Department of Defense had no further role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors, and the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily represent those of the
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