Original ArticlesCeliac Disease Is Associated with Childhood Psychiatric Disorders: A Population-Based Study
Section snippets
Methods
Between 2006 and 2008, we contacted Sweden's 28 pathology departments and obtained histological data on individuals who exhibited villous atrophy (Marsh stage 3) in small intestine biopsy specimens analyzed between 1969 and 2008.17 In this study, we equated villous atrophy with celiac disease. Although we did not have data on celiac serology in all individuals with villous atrophy, a review of patient charts revealed that in a random sample of 81 individuals with available serologic data, 71
Results
We identified 10 903 children with celiac disease and 12 710 siblings without celiac disease. The median age at the time of biopsy was 3.0 years (IQR, 1.3-8.9 years), and almost two-thirds of the patients were females. Descriptive variables differed slightly between the groups, with the most marked differences in parental age and country of birth (Table III). The median duration of follow-up was 9.6 years (IQR, 5.3-15.6 years) for the children with celiac disease and 17.9 years (IQR, 12.8-18.0
Discussion
In this nationwide Swedish cohort study of 10 903 children with celiac disease, we found a 1.4-fold increased risk of the subsequent development of psychiatric disorders, including mood, anxiety, eating, and behavioral disorders, as well as of neuropsychiatric disorders, including ADHD, ASD, and intellectual disability. In contrast, the only significant association between celiac disease and the later development of psychiatric disorders was seen for eating and behavioral disorders. Mood
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Cited by (0)
Supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social and Medical Sciences framework (340-2013-5867). A.B. received grants from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (903/MOB/2012/0 and IP2012 006972). L.F. received financial support from the Swedish Research Council (523-2011-3807), the Karolinska Institute Foundation, and the Magnus Bergvall Foundation. J.L. was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (522-2009-1951), the Swedish Society of Medicine, and the Swedish Celiac Society. H.L. has served as a speaker for Eli-Lilly and Shire and has received a research grant from Shire; all outside the submitted work. P.L. has served as a speaker for Medice. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.