Original articleIncreased Risks of Congenital, Neurologic, and Endocrine Disorders Associated with Autism in Preschool Children: Cognitive Ability Differences
Section snippets
Methods
This study was a population-based, matched case-control study of preschool children with the diagnosis of autism in Taiwan. The data were obtained from the 1997-2004 National Health Insurance Research Databases (NHIRD), and detailed descriptions are available elsewhere.17, 18, 19 In brief, the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) was launched on March 1, 1995 to provide all civilian residents with mandatory comprehensive medical care coverage, including vision, dental, mental health, and
Results
The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 8 years by the end of 2004. Table I shows the comparison of sociodemographics and diagnostic processes across 2 subgroups of autistic cases and control subjects. The male-female ratio was 4:1 in cases and nearly 1:1 in control subjects; roughly 1 in 6 to 7 autistic cases were from highest socioeconomic status (ie, EC I: 16.1%), slightly greater than the estimate in control subjects (10.6%). In addition, a moderate female- and lower socioeconomic
Discussion
To our knowledge, this research is one of few population-based studies that used nationally representative samples. The large sample size of autistic cases made it possible to evaluate the links between rare medical conditions or disorders with autism and to have a comparison of risk-factor profile and diagnosis process between organic and isolated autism.5 Also, the follow-up period, ranging from 5 to 8 years in this study, provided a window to explore the risk of autism associated with
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This work is completely supported by the National Health Research Institutes, which had no involvement in the study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation, report writing, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.