Clinical ResearchAnesthetic Efficacy of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Red-haired Women
Section snippets
Materials and Methods
One hundred twenty-four adult female subjects participated in this study. The subjects were in good health and were not taking any medications that would alter pain perception. Exclusion criteria were as follows: male, younger than 18 years of age, older than 65 years of age, allergies to local anesthetics or sulfites, pregnancy or nursing, a history of significant medical conditions (American Society of Anesthesiologists class II or higher), taking any medications (eg, over-the-counter
Results
A total of 124 women, 62 with natural red hair and 62 with natural dark hair, were included in the study (Tables 1 and 2). Aside from hair color, the women were also grouped by genotype. For the purposes of this experiment, the alleles strongly linked to the RHC phenotype (D84E, R151C, R160W, D294H, I155T, and R142H) and N29insA were all considered RHC alleles. Table 2 gives the number of red-haired and dark-haired subjects possessing 2 or 0 RHC alleles. A total of 45 women were shown to be
Discussion
Only women were used in this study because recent research has indicated that sex may play a role in the physiology and metabolism involved with pain perception, anesthesia, and analgesia in individuals with red hair and in those with variant alleles in the MC1R gene. Mogil et al (13) found that women with 2 variant MC1R alleles displayed significantly greater analgesia from the kappa opioid pentazocine when compared with red-haired men and nonredheads of both sexes. Delaney et al (14) also
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Elizabeth Hudson and Dr Ronald Gregg of the DNA Core at the Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Louisville for their expertise in genotyping the melanocortin-1 receptor gene.
The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
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Cited by (16)
Is Eye Color Related to Dental Injection Pain? A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind Study
2018, Journal of EndodonticsCitation Excerpt :Others have found no correlation to pain regarding the MC1R gene (19, 20). In dentistry, Droll et al (8) found red hair and the MC1R gene were significantly linked to higher levels of dental anxiety but were unrelated to success rates of the inferior alveolar nerve block in women with healthy pulp. The authors believed that because of their higher dental anxiety, red-haired females may be more likely to report nonpainful sensations (pressure, vibration, and so on) as painful during treatment.
Incidence of Missed Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks in Vital Asymptomatic Subjects and in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
2015, Journal of EndodonticsCitation Excerpt :As part of 37 studies (2–38) conducted at The Ohio State University, 3169 subjects/patients were evaluated for missed IAN blocks by using a 1-cartridge or 2-cartridge volume of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine.
Present status and future directions—Mechanisms and management of local anaesthetic failures
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2022, Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fourth EditionPharmacogenomics of Pain Management: The Impact of Specific Biological Polymorphisms on Drugs and Metabolism
2020, Current Oncology ReportsDetermination of anesthetic efficacy of lidocaine versus bupivacaine in single visit root canal treatment
2020, European Endodontic Journal
Supported by an AAE Foundation grant.