Basic ResearchScanning Electron Microscopic Analysis of the Integrity of the Root-end Surface after Root-end Management Using a Piezoelectric Device: A Cadaveric Study
Section snippets
Material and Methods
Sixty monoradicular teeth deriving from 20 fresh human cadavers were eligible. The subjects had donated their body for research purpose. The age range was 47 to 87 (mean, 56) years with equal sex distribution. The study obtained ethical approval from the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine René Descartes, University of Paris 5, Paris, France.
Teeth were excluded in the presence of restoration, root filling, tooth cracking, or root fracture assessed by transillumination and radiographs.
Results
Table 1 summarizes the results of the scanning electron microscopic evaluation.
Discussion
Endodontic surgery outcomes improved in the recent years because of the adoption of microsurgical instruments, which permit a better management of the root end 28, 29. It is unknown if root-end alterations induced by retro tips affect the clinical outcome, yet, any approach for minimizing adverse effects like cracks should be considered. The introduction of piezoelectric devices using various tip vibration patterns prompted the present investigation.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Professor JF Gaudy and his staff from the Department of Cranial Cervicofacial Anatomy, University of Paris 5, Paris, France, for guidance and cadavers preparation; and Mr Dario Picenoni and Gabriele Candiani, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Italy, for assistance in the scanning electron microscopic analysis.
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