Revisiting United States valuation of EQ-5D states
Section snippets
Methods
The original US valuation study applied a multi-stage probability sampling design with over-sampling of Hispanics and Black adults. A complete description of this nationally representative interview survey can be found elsewhere (Coons et al., 2005, Shaw et al., 2005b). Five respondents with no TTO responses were excluded from this analysis (N = 4043).
Results
According to the 2000 US Census, Hispanic and Black, non-Hispanic adults compose 10.7% and 10.9% of all adults in the US; however, these sub-populations compose 30% and 27.7% of the sample respectively (Table 1) (Coons et al., 2005). In addition to over-sampling these two sub-populations, the sample differs from the US population by age, sex, and rural residence, which may be attributed to the design of the household interview survey. Average age of a male respondent is 42.76 and average age of
Discussion
In this paper, we respond to repeated criticisms of the original US valuation study and its ad hoc adjustment of WTD TTO responses by re-estimating EQ-5D health state values under three alternative random utility models. The IRUM, ARUM, and ERUM provide theoretical support for three distinct econometric estimators (mean of ratios, ratio of means, and coefficient), none of which involve the arbitrary transformation of WTD responses or the bounding of health state values above −1. IRUM values
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