Examining content specificity of negative interpretation biases with the Body Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire (BSIQ)
Section snippets
Participants
A total of 154 participants (51 male, 103 female), with a mean age of 26.76 years (S.D. = 9.26; range: 18–50) was included in the study. Participants were recruited both inside and outside the local community of Maastricht University. Participants from within Maastricht University (N = 79; Mage = 24.03, S.D. = 6.73) registered by entering their name on enlistment folders that were spread throughout the university buildings. Furthermore, the experimenters personally approached persons outside the
Confirmatory factor analysis
Testing the four-factor model resulted in a significant Chi-square statistic (χ2(317, N = 154) = 647.18; p < .001). Although this value was significant, the other goodness-of-fit estimates were found sufficient to good, with an RMSEA = .08; NNFI = .94; CFI = .95, sRMR = .07 indicating reasonable fit of the data to the suggested model. The factor solution supports a four-factor solution in which each factor corresponds to a subscale of the BSIQ (Table 1). When we adapt the criterion that loadings above .40
Discussion
The current study examined how global personality traits, fundamental fears, and pain-specific constructs are related to the tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous information on four specific domains, i.e. panic-related sensations, other bodily symptoms, social events, and general events.
After introduction of the BSIQ by Clark et al. (1997) several authors have used its four subscales, although no studies pertaining the factor structure of the measure have been conducted to our knowledge.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Nicole van den Ham, Vera Matti, Claudia Bongers, and Kristie van Montfort for their help with the data collection. This research is supported by a grant from the Netherlands organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) with grant no. 015-001-050.
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2016, Journal of PainCitation Excerpt :Thus, the current study provides a platform for examining the reciprocal relationships between different cognitive biases across an important developmental period, when pain often first becomes chronic.46 Our findings are in line with previous adult studies showing an association between negative interpretations of ambiguous information and individual differences in pain-related vulnerability constructs.30,56,57 Our findings are also in line with adult studies showing that the tendency to interpret ambiguous information as indicative of bodily threat plays a mediating role in the association between emotional response to pain and pain outcomes.27,29,55
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2013, PainCitation Excerpt :Negative appraisals of pain as measured with the S-PCS seemed to mediate the relation between optimism and pain rating during immersion. This finding is in line with the finding that optimists do not seem to focus on negative information [14,16,17,34,39]. Moreover, our data confirm and strengthen previous findings [3,15,36] by demonstrating that induced optimism directly leads to less situational pain catastrophizing during a CPT.
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2009, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :PC and FoP are conceived as pain-specific constructs that play a crucial role in the transition from acute to chronic pain (e.g., Roelofs, Peters, Deutz, Spijker, & Vlaeyen, 2005; Sullivan, Bishop, & Pivik, 1995; Vlaeyen & Linton, 2000). Recently, AS and IS were found to be differentially predictive of explicit negative interpretations of ambiguity that referred to anxiety-related internal sensations (e.g., heart palpitation, shortness of breath) and non-anxiety-related bodily symptoms (e.g., an aching back, spots on skin), respectively (Vancleef & Peters, 2008). In this same study, PC and FoP were found to be predictive of negatively interpreting ambiguity that implied bodily sensations and symptoms.