Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
ResearchOriginal ResearchReliability of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls as a Measure of Diet in African-American Youth
Section snippets
Participants
Participants (n=456) were children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17 years who completed 24-hour dietary recalls as part of their participation in one of three studies: a cross-sectional health assessment study (study 1)20; a family-based, health-promotion intervention (study 2)21; or a family-based, weight-loss efficacy trial (study 3).22 All studies were conducted in South Carolina. Participants across the three studies were recruited using numerous strategies, including printed
Participant Demographic Characteristics
Participant demographic characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Participants were predominantly female (64%), mean±standard deviation (SD) age was 13.28±1.86 years and mean±SD body mass index was 31.45±7.94. Annual household income for 63% of participants was <$40,000. Most participants completed three dietary recalls (67%), with mean±SD spread of 4.57±5.60 days between the first and second recall and 9.49±7.84 days between the first and third recall. On average, participants reported
Discussion
The goals of this study were to estimate the reliability with which 24-hour dietary recalls measure dietary outcomes frequently assessed within randomized controlled trials (ie, total energy, fat, vegetable, and fruit intake) in African-American youth and to examine change in reliability as a function of the number of recall days. Results indicated that reliability estimates for assessing dietary outcomes for African-American youth using three recalls, or the number commonly collected in the
Conclusions
Overall, findings from the present study demonstrate that current standards for assessing usual dietary intake in youth using only three random 24-hour dietary recalls are associated with low reliability. Low reliability, in turn, results in lower power and might help explain the marginal or null results often observed in youth dietary intervention studies. Researchers should include reliability estimates in a priori power calculations to make the most informed decisions regarding the use of
S. M. St. George is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
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S. M. St. George is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
M. L. Van Horn is a professor, Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, College of Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
H. G. Lawman is director of research and evaluation, Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, Philadelphia Department of Health, Philadelphia, PA.
D. K. Wilson is a professor, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
FUNDING/SUPPORT This research was supported by three grants (F31 HD066944 to S. M. St. George, F31 DK086358 to H. G. Lawman, and R01 HD072153 to D. K. Wilson) funded by the National Institutes of Health. The study sponsor had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing of the paper or decision to submit the paper for publication.