Original articleA Case-Control Study of Risk and Protective Factors for Incarceration Among Urban Youth
Section snippets
Methodology
Data were obtained from youth in sixth and 12th grades who participated in Project Northland Chicago (PNC), a group-randomized alcohol prevention intervention implemented in middle schools located in Chicago, IL [24], [25]. A long-term follow-up was completed in 2009 when participants were in 12th grade, and all adolescents who participated at baseline and the 12th-grade follow-up (or were coded as incarcerated at 12th grade) were eligible for inclusion. Students were able to complete the
Results
A description of the risk and protective factors for sample characteristics in sixth grade grouped by 12th-grade incarceration status is detailed in Table 1. Youth who were incarcerated at 12th grade were more likely to have used alcohol in the past year (32.1% vs. 18.6%, p < .001) and past month in sixth grade (15.1% vs. 8.8%, p < .05), have higher alcohol-related behaviors and intentions in sixth grade (mean 6.5 for incarcerated youth, 5.6 for nonincarcerated, p < .001), and to have used
Discussion
The purpose of this study was to examine how risk and protective factors in early adolescence (sixth grade) influence incarceration in 12th grade. Several key findings emerged from this effort. Interestingly, the robust early risk factors for later incarceration identified in a multivariate context were age, having been sent to in-school detention, and the number of hours spent participating in a sport. Furthermore, these significant relationships were observed despite matching the at-risk
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