Research reportThe association between depression, quality of life, and the health care expenditure of patients with diabetes mellitus in Uganda
Section snippets
Introduction and background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) a chronic and disabling disease, is a major contributor to disability adjusted life years (Murray and Vos, 2012, International Diabetes Federation, 2013). Approximately 6.7% of people worldwide suffer from DM, and this figure is anticipated to rise to 7.8% by 2030. The prevalence of DM is on the increase the world over. In a national survey conducted in Australia, between 2001 and 2008, there was a 36% increase in the prevalence of DM in persons older than 25 years (
Study design and setting
This was a cross sectional study at the out-patients DM clinics of Mulago, Mbarara and Gulu hospitals in Uganda. Mulago Hospital is a national referral 1500 bed capacity Hospital in the centre of Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. Mbarara Hospital is a 600 bed capacity regional referral hospital 275 km west of the capital Kampala. Gulu regional referral Hospital is 340 km north of the capital Kampala. All three hospitals have diabetic clinics which run once a week with an average of 100
Discussion
In this study we found a high (34.5%) prevalence of depression in DM patients, in keeping with rates reported in some studies conducted in SSA (Akinlade and Ohaeri, 1996, Kagee, 2008, Shehatah and Rabie, 2010a, Shehatah and Rabie, 2010b). A recent systematic review showed a wide variation in the prevalence of depression among DM patients in SSA (15.2–45.9% ) (Mendenhall et al., 2014). The variations in the prevalence of depression among DM patients could be a result of a number of differences
Role of funding source
The project was supported by the MESAU‐MEPI Programmatic Award through Award Number 1R24TW008886 from the Fogarty International Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Fogarty International Center or the National Institutes of Health.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author consent forms
All the stated authors in this article consented to have their names in the article.
Dr Dickens Akena conceptualized the project. Dr’s Dickens Akena, Ekwaro Obuku, Phillipa Kadama, Rejani Lalitha, Dr Carolyne Akello and Mr Brendan Kwesiga wrote the protocol for the application of funds to conduct the study.
Dr Carolyne Akello was the statistician. Mr Brendan Kwesiga conducted the analysis of the health economics part of the project.
Dr’s Scholastic Ashaba , and James Okello supervised data
Acknowledgement
The project was supported by the MESAU‐MEPI Programmatic Award through Award Number 1R24TW008886 from the Fogarty International Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Fogarty International Center or the National Institutes of Health.
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Cited by (45)
NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis and apoptosis in hippocampus neurons mediates depressive-like behavior in diabetic mice
2020, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :In turn, neuronal loss or dysfunction within the hippocampus can lead to depression [46–48]. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the presence of depression in diabetic patients worsens the prognosis of diabetes, increases the non-compliance to the medical treatment, decreases the quality of life and increases mortality [49,50]. Antidepressant therapies might be useful in preventing the progression of depressive phenotypes and improving the quality of life in diabetic patients with comorbid depression [51].