The Present and FutureJACC State-of-the-Art ReviewGlobal Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study
JACC State-of-the-Art Review
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open access
Central Illustration
Key Words
cardiovascular diseases
global health
health policy
population health
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AC
alcoholic cardiomyopathy
AF
atrial fibrillation
AFL
atrial flutter
BMI
body mass index
CAVD
calcific aortic valve disease
CHA
congenital heart anomalies
CKD
chronic kidney disease
CVD
cardiovascular disease
DALYs
disability-adjusted life years
GBD
Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study
HAP
household air pollution
HHD
hypertensive heart disease
HICs
high-income countries
ICD
International Classification of Diseases
IHD
ischemic heart disease
IKF
impaired kidney function
IS
ischemic stroke
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
LMICs
low- and middle-income countries
LPA
low physical activity
MV
mitral valve
PAD
peripheral artery disease
PM
particulate matter
RHD
rheumatic heart disease
SBP
systolic blood pressure
SDI
sociodemographic index
TMREL
theoretical minimum risk exposure level
UI
uncertainty interval
YLDs
years lived with disability
YLLs
years of life lost
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A complete list of the the GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group is available in the Supplemental Appendix.
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.