Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ReviewChildhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis
Section snippets
Study Selection
Authors A.G. and T.J. (postdoctoral researchers) performed the selection of studies. The complete search query is available in the supplement (available online). Studies published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language (i.e., no other languages were included because no members of the review team were fluent in languages other than English) from 1986 (i.e., the DSM-III-R) through May 20, 2016 were included. The inclusion of studies was based on study type, population, and outcome.
Studies Included in Meta-Analysis
A total of 8,750 studies were identified (Figure 1), of which 6,439 remained after removal of duplicates. Titles of all studies were screened for eligibility, leaving 296 studies that were screened for eligibility using abstracts and full texts. Thirty-seven studies including 762,187 participants were identified for quantitative analyses; for a summary, see Table 18, 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50
Discussion
We aimed to clarify prospective outcomes concerning substance-related disorders for childhood ADHD, ODD or CD, anxiety disorder, or depression. Thirty-seven studies including more than 762,187 participants were identified for meta-analysis. Substance-related disorders result in high personal, societal, and economic costs,1 and prevention should be a top priority. We found that individuals with childhood externalizing disorders (ADHD and ODD or CD) were at increased risk of later
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Disclosure: Drs. Groenman, Janssen, and Oosterlaan report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.