Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchSleep Problems Predict and Are Predicted by Generalized Anxiety/Depression and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Section snippets
Participants
The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a longitudinal study of the development of psychiatric disorders in rural and urban youth.18, 19 A representative sample of 3 cohorts of children, aged 9, 11, and 13 at intake, was recruited from 11 counties in western North Carolina. Potential participants were selected from the population of some 12,000 children using a household equal probability, accelerated cohort design. All children scoring above a predetermined cutoff point (the top 25% of the total
Prevalence of Sleep Problems
Sleep problems were fairly common (Table 1). In all, 26.1% of observations had 1 or more sleep problems in the past 3 months, 12.4% had 2 or more sleep problems. The most common problems were restless sleep and difficulty falling asleep. There was only 1 individual symptom for which there was a sex difference: girls were more than 3 times more likely than boys to report feeling “tired or weary at least half the time” (girls, 4.1%; 95% CI = 2.7%, 5.5%; boys, 1.2%; 95% CI = 0.4%, 2.0%; p <
Discussion
Sleep problems have been identified as correlates of common psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence.4 DSM-IV criteria specify that sleep disturbance can be the result of a mental disorder, but longitudinal research during the early life course currently provides more evidence for predictions from sleep problems to psychiatric disorders.4 The current study tested predictions from sleep problems to psychiatric disorder and vice versa during adolescence while addressing several
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The work presented here was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DA/MH011301, MH63970, MH48085, MH080230, MH094605, DA023026), National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD), and the William T. Grant Foundation.
Alaattin Erkanli, PhD, of Duke University Medical School, serves as the statistical advisor for the Great Smoky Mountains Study.
Disclosure: Dr. Shanahan has received research support from NIMH and NIDA. Dr. Copeland has received research support from NIMH, NIDA, the National Institute on Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse, and NARSAD. Dr. Angold has received research support from NIMH and NIDA. Dr. Angold co-authored the following assessment tool: Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA). No personal income is derived from this measure. Dr. Costello has received research support from NIMH and NIDA. Drs. Costello and Angold are co-recipients of the 2009 NARSAD Ruane Prize for Outstanding Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research. Drs. Angold and Costello co-authored the following assessment tools: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA), Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment (YAPA), Child and Adolescent Impact Assessment (CAIA), Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA), and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). No personal income is derived from any of these measures. Ms. Bondy reports no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.