Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchReduced Error-Related Activation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Across Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Section snippets
Participants
Subjects were female, ranged in age from 8 to 19 years, and included 21 patients with OCD, 23 patients with non-OCD anxiety disorders, and 25 healthy youth. Anxiety disorders occur more commonly in female than in male youth, suggesting an influence of gender, and leading the authors to include female subjects only. There was no significant difference in age among groups (Table 1). All subjects underwent a structured clinical interview using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and
Behavioral
Subjects were less accurate on incongruent than on congruent trials (Table 2), with a significant effect of condition (F1,65 = 4, p < .05), but no significant effect of group (F2,65 = 0.1, p = .92) or group-by-condition interaction (F2,65 = 0.9, p = .40). For response latencies, there was a significant effect of condition, with slower latencies for incongruent than for congruent trials (F1,65 = 68, p < .05), but no significant effect of group (F2,65 = 2.5, p = .09) or group-by-condition
Discussion
Abnormalities of cognitive control functions, such as conflict and error monitoring, have been theorized to underlie obsessive-compulsive symptoms17 but only recently have been considered potentially relevant for understanding other forms of anxiety.24 To test whether brain-based alterations of these functions mark early illness in OCD and non-OCD anxiety disorders, fMRI was performed during MSIT in pediatric patients with these 2 forms of anxiety. Compared with healthy youth, pediatric
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Risk Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
2023, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North AmericaCross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Anxiety and Irritability With Adolescents’ Neural Responses to Cognitive Conflict
2023, Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and NeuroimagingCitation Excerpt :Anxiety has been linked to larger error-related negativity (43) reflecting activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial PFC (44,45). Furthermore, associations between anxiety and reduced BOLD response to error have been found in the dorsolateral PFC (46). Contrary to these prior findings, we found no significant associations between anxiety and neural response to error.
Inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
2022, NeuroImage: ClinicalCitation Excerpt :We included 21 articles (Britton et al., 2010; de Wit et al., 2012; Fitzgerald et al., 2010; Fitzgerald et al., 2005; Gu et al., 2008; Han et al., 2011; Huyser et al., 2011; Kang et al., 2013; Marsh et al., 2014; Morein-Zamir et al., 2016; Nabeyama et al., 2008; Nakao et al., 2009; Nakao et al., 2005; Page et al., 2009; Remijnse et al., 2013; Roth et al., 2007; Schlösser et al., 2010; Theiss et al., 2019; Thorsen et al., 2020; van den Heuvel et al., 2005; Yücel et al., 2007) that compared activation related to inhibitory control in 394 OCD patients and 410 HC subjects in 35 experiments in the review (Table 1). Thirty-four articles were excluded based on our pre-defined criteria, of which 9 articles were excluded solely because they did not find significant case-control differences for the appropriate task contrast (Fitzgerald et al., 2018; Fitzgerald et al., 2013; Gooskens et al., 2019; Hollestein et al., 2021; Hough et al., 2016; Pagliaccio et al., 2019; Stern et al., 2011; Suñol et al., 2020; Viard et al., 2005). Furthermore, one article (Tolin et al., 2014) was excluded post-hoc because the OCD and HC groups differed substantially in their respective mean ages (33.5 years and 51.3 years) and gender distributions (25 % females and 83 % females).
Error-Related Brain Activity in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Unaffected First-Degree Relatives: Evidence for Protective Patterns
2022, Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
This work was funded by National Institute of Mental Health grants K23MH082176 (K.D.F.), 1R01MH086517-01A2 (K.L.P., C.S.M.), R01 MH071821 (S.F.T.), and F32 MH082573 (E.R.S.); the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Young Investigator Awards (K.D.F., E.R.S.); and the Dana Foundation (K.D.F.).
The authors thank Georgia Stamatopoulos, M.S.W., Joanna Ingebritsen, B.A., and Keith Newhham of the University of Michigan for assistance with data collection.
Disclosure: Dr. Taylor has received financial support for unrelated research from St. Jude Medical and Neuronetics. Drs. Fitzgerald, Liu, Stern, Welsh, Hanna, Monk, and Phan report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.