Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
New researchAltered White Matter Microstructure in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Section snippets
Participants
Recruited participants included 40 right-handed children 7 to 9 years of age, 22 of whom met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 18 non-ADHD comparison youth; four children (two per group) were excluded due to excessive motion during imaging, resulting in 20 youth with ADHD and 16 control youth used for analyses. Families of the two groups were recruited from an ongoing study of children with ADHD by countywide mailings and public advertisements. Written informed consent/assent was obtained from all
Demographics
Table 1 presents sample demographics and a clinical summary. Groups did not differ with regard to age, IQ, ethnicity, or annual household income. Gender differed and was statistically covaried in all analyses reported. Aside from the elevated rates of oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) in the ADHD group, which is nearly universal in such samples, active comorbid disorders were generally absent from the sample, with exception of two children with ADHD having generalized anxiety disorder (Table 1
Discussion
Evaluation of white matter microstructure in childhood ADHD is crucial for examining the stability and replicability of white matter microstructural abnormalities in ADHD across development to promote the identification of early biomarkers of the disease. To that end, the present results confirm that microstructure in long-range white matter pathways shows abnormality, even before adolescence, in a sample that is largely medication naive and free of major comorbidity (except ODD, which did not
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2022, Psychiatry Research - NeuroimagingCitation Excerpt :On the other hand, multiple smaller WM bundles mostly comprising the corona radiata, thalamic radiation, cingulum, forceps minor and major, cerebellum and internal capsule have also been associated with ADHD symptom severity scores (Table 3.)( Ameis et al., 2016; Ashtari et al., 2005; Lawrence et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2020; Nagel et al., 2011; Qiu et al., 2012; Sudre et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2017; Zhan et al., 2017). While some authors did not report significant associations in their studies (Cha et al., 2015; Hamilton et al., 2008), others reported significant associations between ADHD symptom severity and WM diffusion measures in the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and ventrolateral WM bundles (Table 3.)(
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This research was supported by the United Negro College Fund/Merck Fellowship Program (D.F.), the Ford Foundation (D.F.), K08 NS52147 (B.N.), Dana Foundation Brain and Immuno-Imaging Grant (B.N.), R01 MH59105 (J.N.), and the Oregon Health and Science University Neuropsychiatric Institute (J.N.).
Disclosure: Drs. Nagel, Bathula, Kroenke, Fair, and Nigg, and Ms. Schmitt, and Ms. Herting report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.