The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the brief infant–toddler social emotional assessment (BITSEA)
Section snippets
Participants and setting
The study was carried out in Samsun, a province on the central-north coast of Turkey with approximately 1.2 million inhabitants. One- to four-year-old children constitute 6.1% of the total population in this city. This community sample consisted of 462 children who had applied to the primary health care centers located in the city for vaccination purposes. The sample sizes for all outpatient clinics were calculated according to the population rate—both urban (63.3%) and rural (36.7%) areas of
Results
There were no significant differences between maternal and paternal ratings on the BITSEA/P or BITSEA/C scores in any age or gender group (Table 1). In addition, both maternal and paternal BITSEA/P scores did not reveal significant differences between age groups (p > 0.05). However, consistent with the developmental nature of the BITSEA competence scale, both maternal and paternal BITSEA/C scores increased across the age groups (p < 0.001). Exploration for gender difference showed that only
Discussion
Overall results support that the Turkish version of the BITSEA is a valid and reliable screening tool for social and emotional problems of toddlers in primary health care settings. As 70% of parents returned the scales to the clinic and only 3.6% of mothers and 1.9% of fathers had missing values in more than two items, we conclude that the Turkish translation is quite understandable and may be easily used in primary health care settings. Internal consistency of BITSEA/P and BITSEA/C may be
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Reliability and validity of the traditional Chinese translation of the brief infant-toddler social and emotional assessment
2020, Early Human DevelopmentCitation Excerpt :Internal consistency in our sample was marginal (0.65–0.68) to adequate (>0.70), and these values were comparable to other language versions. Research has found that the BITSEA Problem scale consistently shows adequate internal consistency but is often marginal for the BITSEA Competence scale [34,42–44]. Despite the lower internal consistency found in both the present and other research on the Competence scale, it is important to note that these values are still within the acceptable range of a psychological scale [45].
Preterm birth and maternal sensitivity: Findings from a non-western country
2020, Infant Behavior and DevelopmentCitation Excerpt :While higher BITSEA/P scores suggest a higher level of behavioral and emotional problems, lower levels of BITSEA/C show a lower level of social-emotional competence. Turkish version of BITSEA was reported to be a reliable and valid instrument for screening social-emotional and behavior problems in toddlers with high internal consistencies (BITSEA/P; Cronbach’s alpha: .82 and BITSEA/C; Cronbach’s alpha: .72; Karabekiroglu et al., 2009). This inventory is a commonly used self-rated scale for measuring depressive symptomatology.
How are social-emotional and behavioral competences and problems at age 1 year associated with infant motor development? A general population study
2018, Infant Behavior and DevelopmentA program based on Social Cognitive Theory and Smith's model of health and illness and its effect on maternal self-efficacy and child behavior
2016, Children and Youth Services ReviewFinnish mothers' and fathers' reports of their boys and girls by using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA)
2015, Infant Behavior and DevelopmentCitation Excerpt :In line with our toddler sample findings, other large samples of 2-year-olds from the Netherlands (mostly rated by mothers) also found significantly higher BITSEA competence total scores for girls than for boys, and significantly higher problem total scores for boys than for girls (Kruizinga et al., 2012, 2013). In contrast, significant sex differences were not reported among maternal or paternal BITSEA ratings of Turkish 12–23-month-olds (Karabekiroglu et al., 2009), or in a larger nationwide study according to the primary caregivers’ rating (Karabekiroglu et al., 2013). The similarities between our BITSEA findings and the corresponding results from the two other Western countries may derive from the cultural similarities regarding gender roles and expectations.